Ian Carmichael and Gordon L. Hug
Triplet-Triplet Absorption Spectra of Organic Molecules in Condensed Phases
Published in 1986, this is an exhaustive compilation of the spectral parameters (wavelengths and extinction coefficients - where known) of excited triplet state absorption spectra for more than 1,100 organic species. A Table of Contents and access to some related studies follows below.
The compilation builds on earlier work of Labhardt and Heinzelmann and Bensasson and Land and was followed by a statistical evaluation (1987) which advocated a set of recommended values for triplet-triplet extinction coefficients and outlined a three-level hierarchy of reliability for the extant data.
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- Conceptual Background
- Historical Perspective
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Methods for Populating and Detecting the Triplet State
- Generation of Triplets by Pulse Radiolysis
- Theoretical Concepts
- Special Considerations for Pulse Radiolysis
- Generation of Triplets by Photolysis
- Theoretical Concepts
- Special Considerations for Photolysis
- Miscellaneous Methods
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Methods for Measuring Extinction Coefficients
- Energy Transfer (ET) Method
- Description of Method
- Kinetic Corrections
- Uncertainty in Probability of Transfer
- Special Problems in Radiolytic Excitation
- Special Problems in Flash Photolysis
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Singlet Depletion (SD) Method
- Description of Method
- Reconstruction of True Transient Absorbance
- Corrections for Triplet Decay
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Total Depletion (TD) Method
- Description of Method
- A Three-state Excitation-deactivation Model
- Corrections for Triplet Decay
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Relative Actinometry (RA) Method
- Description of Method
- Corrections for Singlet Depletion
- Corrections for Triplet Decay
- Corrections for Laser Excitation
- Extensions
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Intensity Variation (IV) Method
- Description of Method
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Kinetic Method (KM)
- Description of Method
- An Alternative Derivation of the Kinetic Method
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Partial Saturation (SM) Method
- Description of Method
- An Alternate Model for Photoexcitation
- Summary of Advantages and Disadvantages
- Miscellaneous Methods for Measuring Extinction Coefficients
- Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)
- Other Comparative Techniques (HAT,ELT,RF)
- Pulsed Intensity Variation (PIV)
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- General Methodology
- A Statistical Analysis
- Statistical Test of Solvent and Temperature Effects
- Mean extinction coefficients and Confidence Intervals
- Discussion of Statistical Results
- Tentative Standard extinction coefficients
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Arrangement of the Data Table
- List of Abbreviations
- List of Symbols
Acknowledgements
References to Text
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"Spectral parameters for triplet-triplet absorption of organic molecules in condensed phases"
( 150 pp. > 1,100 chemical compounds)
Extracted from the bibliographic data base (RCDCBib) and the Radiation Chemistry Data Center
Computer generated from our local compound registry database (RCDCReg) and RCDCBib
- Compound Name Index
- Compound Formula Index
- Author Index
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- Triplet-triplet absorption spectra of organic molecules in condensed phases
I. Carmichael and G.L. Hug, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 15 1-250 (1986). __ Ordering info.
- H. Labhart and W. Heinzelmann, in Organic Molecular Photophysics, Vol. 1, J. B. Birks, Editor (Wiley, New York, 1973) p. 297.
- R. Bensasson and E. J. Land, in Photochemical and Photobiological Reviews, Vol. 3, K. C. Smith, Editor (Plenum Press, New York, 1978) p. 163.
- Extinction coefficients of triplet-triplet absorption spectra of organic molecules in condensed phases: A least-squares analysis
I. Carmichael, W.P. Helman and G.L. Hug, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 16 239-260 (1987).__ Ordering info.
A thorough literature search which supported this compilation was published in Radiat. Phys. Chem. and has been updated. Further information on the least-squares analysis is also available.
Bibliographies on radiation chemistry: VII. Triplet-triplet absorption spectra.
I. Carmichael and G.L Hug __ Ordering info.
- Part A (1941-75) Radiat. Phys. Chem. 20 119-34 (1982);
- Part B (1976 - April, 1982), ibid. 20 179-97 (1982);
- Part C (April, 1982 - Dec., 1984), ibid. 26 229-46 (1985);
- Part D (Jan., 1985 - Dec., 1986), ibid. 29 315-24 (1987);
- Part E (Jan., 1987 - Dec., 1989), ibid. 36 829-43 (1990).
Some clarifications of the theoretical underpinnings of the methods for measuring extinction coefficients and their likely domains of applicability were also published, (reprints are available)
- A note on the total depletion method of measuring the extinction coefficient of triplet-triplet transitions
I. Carmichael and G.L Hug, J. Phys. Chem. 89 4036-9 (1985)
- A critique of excitation models for partial saturation of transient absorbance
G.L. Hug and I. Carmichael, J. Photochem. 31 179-92 (1985)
- A unified analysis of noncomparative methods for measuring extinction coefficients of triplet-triplet transitions
I. Carmichael and G.L Hug, Appl. Spectrosc. 41 1033-8 (1987)
as was an IUPAC commissioned review of measurement methodology including recommended values,
Molar absorption coefficients of transient species in solution
R. Bonneau, I. Carmichael, and G.L. Hug, Pure & Applied Chem. 63 289-99 (1991) __ Ordering info.
and a compilation of the spectroscopic and photophysical properties of a set of 149 key triplet states.
Spectroscopy and intramolecular photophysics of triplet states
I. Carmichael, and G.L Hug, in Handbook of Organic Photochemistry, J.C. Scaiano, Editor (CRC Press, 1989) pp. 369-403 __ Ordering info.
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This document prepared by Ian Carmichael
e-mail: madden.1@nd.edu
Work supported by:
Office of Basic Energy Sciences
United States Department of Energy
Standard Reference Data
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Last update: Mar. 15, 2005