NDRL Radiation Chemistry
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Recent Papers in Radiation and Photochemistry

05/04/07

#07_08

Kinetics Optical Spectra Thermodynamics
ESR Studies Excited States Photochemistry
Radiation Chemistry Related Experimental Studies Multiphase Systems
Polymers Biological & Medical Aspects Solar Energy
Industrial & Environmental Applications Theoretical Studies Reviews

Kinetics

TR-EPR of single and double spin-labeled C60 derivatives in frozen matrices.
Franco, L., Mazzoni, M., Corvaja, C., Gubskaya, V.P., Berezhnaya, L.S., Nuretdinov, I.A., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 577-90 (2006).

Exploring the photoexcited triplet states of aluminum and tin corroles by time-resolved Q-band EPR.
Wagnert, L., Berg, A., Stavitski, E., Berthold, T., Kothe, G., Goldberg, I., Mahammed, A., Simkhovich, L., Gross, Z., Levanon, H., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 591-604 (2006).

Novel intramolecular electron transfer in axial bis(terpyridoxy)phosphorus(V) porphyrin studied by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy.
Kandrashkin, Y.E., Poddutoori, P.K., van der Est, A., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 605-18 (2006).

Reactions of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and oxide radical anion (O•-) with 2-aminopurine in aqueous medium.
Manoj, P., Mohan, H., Manoj, V.M., Mittal, J.P., Aravindakumar, C.T., Res. Chem. Intermed. 32(9): 817-26 (2006).

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging reactions of o-vanillin: pulse radiolysis and stopped flow studies.
Barik, A., Priyadarsini, K.I., Mohan, H., Res. Chem. Intermed. 32(9): 837-45 (2006).

Following photoinduced dynamics in bacteriorhodopsin with 7-fs impulsive vibrational spectroscopy.
Kahan, A., Nahmias, O., Friedman, N., Sheves, M., Ruhman, S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3): 537-46 (2007).

CT-CT annihilation in rigid perylene end-capped pentaphenylenes.
Fron, E., Bell, T.D.M., Van Vooren, A., Schweitzer, G., Cornil, J., Beljonne, D., Toele, P., Jacob, J., Mullen, K., Hofkens, J., Van der Auweraer, M., De Schryver, F.C., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3): 610-9 (2007).

Structure-activity relationship of the free-radical-scavenging reaction by vitamin E ([alpha]-, [beta]-, [gamma]-, [delta]-tocopherols) and ubiquinol-10: pH dependence of the reaction rates.
Mukai, K., Tokunaga, A., Itoh, S., Kanesaki, Y., Ohara, K., Nagaoka, S., Abe, K., J. Phys. Chem. B 111(3): 652-62 (2007).

Direct observation of the solvent reorientation dynamics in the "twisted" intramolecular charge-transfer process of cyanophenyldisilane-water cluster by transient infrared spectroscopy.
Ishikawa, H., Sugiyama, M., Setaka, W., Kira, M., Mikami, N., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(1): 117-26 (2007).

Ultrafast excited state dynamics in protonated GWG and GYG tripeptides.
Gregoire, G., Dedonder-Lardeux, C., Jouvet, C., Desfrancois, C., Fayeton, J.A., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(1): 78-82 (2007).

Thymine dimerization in DNA is an ultrafast photoreaction.
Schreier, W.J., Schrader, T.E., Koller, F.O., Gilch, P., Crespo-Hernandez, C.E., Swaminathan, V.N., Carell, T., Zinth, W., Kohler, B., Science (Washington, D. C.) 315(5812): 625-9 (2007).

Ultrafast bond softening in bismuth: Mapping a solid's interatomic potential with X-rays.
Fritz, D.M., Reis, D.A., Adams, B., Akre, R.A., Arthur, J., Blome, C., Bucksbaum, P.H., Cavalieri, A.L., Engemann, S., Fahy, S., Falcone, R.W., Fuoss, P.H., Gaffney, K.J., George, M.J., Hajdu, J., Hertlein, M.P., Hillyard, P.B., Hoegen, M.H.V., Kammler, M., Kaspar, J., Kienberger, R., Krejcik, P., Lee, S.H., Lindenberg, A.M., McFarland, B., Meyer, D., Montagne, T., Murray, E.D., Nelson, A.J., Nicoul, M., Pahl, R., Rudati, J., Schlarb, H., Siddons, D.P., Sokolowski-Tinten, K., Tschentscher, T., von der Linde, D., Hastings, J.B., Science (Washington, D. C.) 315(5812): 633-6 (2007).

Optical Spectra

The study of photoisomerisation of 1-aryloxyanthraquinones by NMR spectroscopy and UV spectrophotometry.
Babailov, S.P., Klimenko, L.S., Mainagashev, I.Y., J. Struct. Chem. 47(4): 663-7 (2006).

Synthesis and properties of dihetaryl-substituted furanones. Synthesis of photochromic dithienylethenes containing a furanone bridging fragment.
Krayushkin, M.M., Pashchenko, D.V., Lichitskii, B.V., Valova, T.M., Strokach, Y.P., Barachevskii, V.A., Russ. J. Org. Chem. 42(12): 1816-21 (2006).

Synthesis and photochromic properties of fulgides based on naphtho[1,2-b]furan and benzo[g]indole.
Balenko, S.K., Rybalkin, V.P., Shepelenko, E.N., Popova, L.L., Makarova, N.I., Metelitsa, A.V., Bren, V.A., Minkin, V.I., Russ. J. Org. Chem. 42(12): 1861-3 (2006).

Effects of annealing on the photoluminescence of He ion implanted sapphire after 230-MeV Pb ion irradiation.
Song, Y., Wang, Z.G., Wei, K.F., Zhang, C.H., Liu, C.B., Zang, H., Zhou, L.H., Acta Phys. Sin. 56(1): 551-5 (2007).

Modulation of unconventional fluorescence of novel photochromic perimidine spirodimers.
Davis, R., Tamaoki, N., Chem.--Eur. J. 13(2): 626-31 (2007).

Synthesis and properties of benzophenone-spiropyran and naphthalene-spiropyran conjugates.
Tomasulo, M., Kaanumal, S.L., Sortino, S., Raymo, F.M., J. Org. Chem. 72(2): 595-605 (2007).

Conformers and photochemistry of propyl nitrites: A matrix isolation study.
Matyus, E., Magyarfalvi, G., Tarczay, G., J. Phys. Chem. A 111(3): 450-9 (2007).

Two-photon absorption properties of iron(II) and ruthenium(II) trischelate complexes of 2,2′:4,4″:4′,4′″-quaterpyridinium ligands.
Coe, B.J., Samoc, M., Samoc, A., Zhu, L.Y., Yi, Y.P., Shuai, Z.G., J. Phys. Chem. A 111(3): 472-8 (2007).

Thermodynamics

Quantitative evaluation of the mechanism of electroreduction of benzoyl cyanides.
Macias-Ruvalcaba, N.A., Evans, D.H., J. Org. Chem. 72(2): 589-94 (2007).

ESR Studies

Spin-correlated radical pairs: The differential effect in high-field ENDOR spectra.
Dubinskij, A.A., Utschig, L.M., Poluektov, O.G., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 269-86 (2006).

Single-sided hydrogen bonding to the quinone cofactor in photosystem I probed by selective 13C-labelled naphthoquinones and transient EPR.
Karyagina, I., Golbeck, J.H., Srinivasan, N., Stehlik, D., Zimmermann, H., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 287-310 (2006).

Interaction of imidazoline- and imidazolidine-based nitroxides with chloroplasts.
Ptushenko, V.V., Ikryannikova, L.N., Grigorev, I.A., Kirilyuk, I.A., Trubitsin, B.V., Tikhonov, A.N., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 329-43 (2006).

Transfer of CIDNP among coupled spins at low magnetic field.
Ivanov, K.L., Miesel, K., Yurkovskaya, A.V., Korchak, S.E., Kiryutin, A.S., Vieth, H.M., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 513-34 (2006).

Specific MARY spectrum from radical anion of pentafluorobenzene.
Kalneus, E.V., Kipriyanov, A.A., Purtov, P.A., Stass, D.V., Molin, Y.N., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 549-54 (2006).

EPR-Detected photoinduced electron transfer in three structurally related molecular triads.
Di Valentin, M., Bisol, A., Agostini, G., Giacometti, G., Carbonera, D., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 555-76 (2006).

Divacancy-related complexes in Si(1-x)Ge(x).
Khirunenko, L.I., Pomozov, Y.V., Sosnin, M.G., Trypachko, M.O., Duvanskii, A.V., Abrosimov, N.V., Riemann, H., Lastovskii, S.B., Murin, L.I., Markevich, V.P., Peaker, A.R., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 525-30 (2006).

Excited States

Tetrahedral boron chemistry for the preparation of highly efficient "Cascatelle" devices.
Goze, C., Ulrich, G., Ziessel, R., J. Org. Chem. 72(2): 313-22 (2007).

Photochemistry

Mechanisms of molecular response in the optimal control of photoisomerization - art. no. 258301.
Dietzek, B., Bruggemann, B., Pascher, T., Yartsev, A., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97: 258301 (2006).

Photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of methanol from formaldehyde with alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and water-soluble zinc porphyrin.
Amao, Y., Watanabe, T., J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym. 44(1): 27-31 (2007).

Growth aspects of photochemically synthesized silver triangular nanoplates.
Rocha, T.C.R., Zanchet, D., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7(2): 618-25 (2007).

Highly selective double chalcogenation of isocyanides with disulfide-diselenide mixed systems.
Tsuchii, K., Tsuboi, Y., Kawaguchi, S., Takahashi, J., Sonoda, N., Nomoto, A., Ogawa, A., J. Org. Chem. 72(2): 415-23 (2007).

Strategies to improve photostabilities in ultrasensitive fluorescence spectroscopy.
Widengren, J., Chmyrov, A., Eggeling, C., Lofdahl, P.A., Seidel, C.A.M., J. Phys. Chem. A 111(3): 429-40 (2007).

Radiation Chemistry

In-line and following-up tests of perspective fusion-reactor materials in plasma focus devices.
Gribkov, V.A., Dubrovsky, A.V., Paduch, M., Sadowski, M.J., Scholz, M., Tomaszewski, K., Malinowski, K., Skladnik-Sadowska, E., Strzyzewski, P., Marchenko, A.K., Tsarenko, A.V., Masljaev, S.A., Pimenov, V.N., Czech. J. Phys. 56(12): 1401-16 (2006).

A comparative study of ion implantation and irradiation-induced defects in Ge crystals.
Markevich, V.P., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 589-96 (2006).

DLTS studies of irradiation-induced defects in p-type germanium.
Petersen, M.C., Lindberg, C.E., Nielsen, K.B., Mesli, A., Larsen, A.N., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 597-9 (2006).

Defects induced by irradiation with fast neutrons in n-type germanium.
Kovacevic, I., Pivac, B., Jacimovic, R., Khan, M.K., Markevich, V.P., Peaker, A.R., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 606-12 (2006).

Interaction of self-interstitials with oxygen-related defects in electron-irradiated Ge crystals.
Markevich, V.P., Peaker, A.R., Markevich, A.V., Litvinov, V.V., Murin, L.I., Emtsev, V.V., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 613-8 (2006).

Implantation and sputtering of Ge ions into SiO2 substrates with the use of Ge ions produced by repetitive laser pulses.
Rosinski, M., Badziak, J., Czarnecka, A., Gasior, P., Parys, P., Pisarek, M., Turan, R., Wolowski, J., Yerci, S., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 655-8 (2006).

Cross sections for low-energy electron scattering from adenine in the condensed phase.
Panajotovic, R., Michaud, M., Sanche, L., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(1): 138-48 (2007).

Electron-induced reactions in condensed films of acetonitrile and ethane.
Ipolyi, I., Michaelis, W., Swiderek, P., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 9(1): 180-91 (2007).

Experimental Studies

Dissociative electron attachment to ozone at very low energies revisited.
Cicman, P., Skalny, J.D., Fedor, J., Mason, N.J., Scheier, P., Illenberger, E., Mark, T.D., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 260(1): 85-7 (2007).

Low-temperature Heck reactions of axially chiral o-iodoacrylanilides occur with chirality transfer: Implications for catalytic asymmetric Heck reactions.
Lapierre, A.J.B., Geib, S.J., Curran, D.P., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3): 494-5 (2007).

Thermal lensing in a supercritical water medium.
Rodriguez, R.G., Mezyk, S.P., Stewart, C., Rollins, H.W., Mincher, B.J., Fox, R.V., Phillips, B., Brey, R., J. Phys. Chem. A 111(3): 468-71 (2007).

Multiphase Systems

Preparation of nanoleaf-like single crystals of anatase-type TiO2 by exfoliation and hydrothermal reactions.
Wen, P.H., Itoh, H., Feng, Q., Chem. Lett. 35(11): 1226-7 (2006).

Light-response of N2 permeation using gold colloid-coated porous glass modified by azo derivative including thiol.
Jin, T., Yusa, S.I., Yazawa, T., Chem. Lett. 35(11): 1294-5 (2006).

Free-radical pathways in the decomposition of ketones over polycrystalline TiO2: The role of organoperoxy radicals.
Carter, E., Carley, A.F., Murphy, D.M., ChemPhysChem 8(1): 113-23 (2007).

Synthesis and UV photosensitive properties of TiO2-amphiphilic copolymer composite nanoparticles.
Sun, Y., Bi, Y.Y., Shi, F., Huaxue Xuebao 65(1): 67-71 (2007).

Photodelivery of nitric oxide from water-soluble platinum nanoparticles.
Caruso, E.B., Petralia, S., Conoci, S., Giuffrida, S., Sortino, S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3): 480-1 (2007).

Photon-induced selective interaction between small-diameter metallic carbon nanotubes and triton X-100.
Zhang, Z.B., Zhang, S.L., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(3): 666-71 (2007).

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from TX-100 to 3-acetyl-4-oxo-6,7-dihydro-12H-indolo-[2,3-a]quinolizine in premicellar and micellar environments.
Das, P., Mallick, A., Purkayastha, P., Haldar, B., Chattopadhyay, N., J. Mol. Liq. 130(1-3): 48-51 (2007).

Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanotube/hydropuinone hybrid structure.
Jia, Y.Y., Kleinhammes, A., Kulkarni, H., McGuire, K., McNeil, L.E., Wu, Y., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7(2): 458-62 (2007).

Templating photodimerization of trans-cinnamic acid esters with a water-soluble Pd nanocage.
Karthikeyan, S., Ramamurthy, V., J. Org. Chem. 72(2): 452-8 (2007).

Linkage effects of chromium(III) acetylacetonato units on chiral induction of liquid crystal phases.
Furuno, Y., Sato, H., Yoshida, J., Hoshino, N., Fukuda, Y., Yamagishi, A., J. Phys. Chem. B 111(3): 521-6 (2007).

Polymers

Giant spherulite formation in amorphous polyanion membrane by photopolymerization on gelatin matrix.
Yao, B.L., Song, H.C., Lu, L.D., Chen, M.Q., Kaneko, T., Akashi, M., Chem. Lett. 35(11): 1228-9 (2006).

Three-dimensional direct-write lithography into photopolymer.
Sullivan, A.C., Grabowski, M.W., McLeod, R.R., Appl. Opt. 46(3): 295-301 (2007).

Enhancement of diffraction efficiency and storage life of poly(vinyl chloride)-based optical recording medium with incorporation of an electron donor.
John, B.M., Ushamani, M., Sreekumar, K., Joseph, R., Kartha, C.S., Appl. Opt. 46(3): 346-50 (2007).

Ion beam modification and analysis of polymer composites.
Qureshi, A., Singh, N.L., Somani, K., Rakshit, A.K., Singh, F., Avasthi, D.K., Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 45(1): 57-61 (2007).

Synthesis and characterization of a main-chain-type conjugated copolymer containing rare earth with photocrosslinkable group.
Wen, G.A., Zhu, X.R., Wang, L.H., Feng, J.C., Zhu, R., Wei, W., Peng, B., Pei, Q.B., Huang, W., J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 45(3): 388-94 (2007).

N-Alkoxy pyridinium ion terminated polystyrenes: A facile route to photoinduced block copolymerization.
Durmaz, Y.Y., Yilmaz, G., Yagci, Y., J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 45(3): 423-8 (2007).

Stability control of the electrooptic effect with new maleimide copolymers containing photoreactive tricyanopyrrolidene-based chromophores.
Lee, S.K., Cho, M.J., Jin, J.I., Choi, D.H., J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 45(3): 531-42 (2007).

Morphological change of a diblock copolymer film induced by selective doping of a photoactive chromophore.
Machida, S., Nakata, H., Yamada, K., Itaya, A., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 45(3): 368-75 (2007).

Solution property and irradiation effect of random copolypeptides composed of Ala and Pro residues.
Kakinoki, S., Kitamura, M., Yuge, M., Furuta, M., Oka, M., Hirano, Y., Kono, K., Kaetsu, I., Polym. Bull. (Berlin) 58(2): 393-400 (2007).

Radiation grafting of N-isopropylacrylamide onto poly(vinyl chloride) tubes by gamma irradiation.
Arenas, E., Bucio, E., Burillo, G., Lopez, G.P., Polym. Bull. (Berlin) 58(2): 401-9 (2007).

Effect of preparation conditions on the thermal stability of an epoxy-functional inorganic-organic hybrid material system doped with Zr.
Copuroglu, M., O'Brien, S., Crean, G.M., Thermochim. Acta 452(1): 7-12 (2007).

Biological & Medical Aspects

Photo-induced formation of radical anion peptides. Electron photodetachment dissociation experiments.
Antoine, R., Joly, L., Tabarin, T., Broyer, M., Dugourd, P., Lemoine, J., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 21(2): 265-8 (2007).

Solar Energy

Degradation of small-molecule organic solar cells - art. no. 251118.
Song, Q.L., Wang, M.L., Obbard, E.G., Sun, X.Y., Ding, X.M., Hou, X.Y., Li, C.M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89: 251118 (2006).

Achievement of 4.51% conversion efficiency using ZnO recombination barrier layer in TiO2 based dye-sensitized solar cells - art. no. 253512.
Roh, S.J., Mane, R.S., Min, S.K., Lee, W.J., Lokhande, C.D., Han, S.H., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89: 253512 (2006).

Dye sensitized solar cells using well-aligned zinc oxide nanotip arrays - art. no. 253513.
Du Pasquier, A., Chen, H.H., Lu, Y.C., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89: 253513 (2006).

Porous acetylene-black spheres as the cathode materials of dye-sensitized solar cells.
Cai, F.S., Chen, J., Xu, R.S., Chem. Lett. 35(11): 1266-7 (2006).

Efficient sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2 films by a near-IR-absorbing unsymmetrical zinc phthalocyanine.
Reddy, P.Y., Giribabu, L., Lyness, C., Snaith, H.J., Vijaykumar, C., Chandrasekharam, M., Lakshmikantam, M., Yum, J.H., Kalyanasundaram, K., Graetzel, M., Nazeeruddin, M.K., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 46(3): 373-6 (2007).

Donor/conductor/acceptor triads spatially organized on the micrometer-length scale: An alternative approach to photovoltaic cells.
Xamena, F.X.L.I., Teruel, L., Alvaro, M., Garcia, H., Chem.--Eur. J. 13(2): 515-9 (2007).

Dye-sensitized solar cells based on nanocrystalline titania electrodes made at various sintering temperatures.
Stathatos, E., Lianos, P., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7(2): 555-9 (2007).

Industrial & Environmental Applications

Three dimensional nanoporous density graded materials formed by optical exposures through conformable phase masks - art. no. 253101.
Jeon, S., Nam, Y.S., Shir, D.J.L., Rogers, J.A., Appl. Phys. Lett. 89: 253101 (2006).

Silver nanoclusters doped in X and mordenite zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts for the decomposition of carbamate pesticides in solution.
Kanan, S.M., Kanan, M.C., Patterson, H.H., Res. Chem. Intermed. 32(9): 871-85 (2006).

Novel porphyrin-incorporated hydrogels for photoactive intraocular lens biomaterials.
Brady, C., Bell, S.E.J., Parsons, C., Gorman, S.P., Jones, D.S., McCoy, C.P., J. Phys. Chem. B 111(3): 527-34 (2007).

Theoretical Studies

Theoretical investigation of QA–• - Ligand interactions in bacterial reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
Fritscher, J., Prisner, T.F., MacMillan, F., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 251-68 (2006).

Electron spin polarization in an excited triplet-radical pair system: Generation and decay of the state.
Tarasov, V.F., Saiful, I.S.M., Iwasaki, Y., Ohba, Y., Savitsky, A., Mobius, K., Yamauchi, S., Appl. Magn. Reson. 30(3-4): 619-36 (2006).

Assessment of a long-range corrected hybrid functional - art. no. 234109.
Vydrov, O.A., Scuseria, G.E., J. Chem. Phys. 125: 234109 (2006).

Photosynthetic reactions in fullerene based donor-acceptor complexes.
Sheka, E.F., J. Struct. Chem. 47(4): 600-7 (2006).

Ab initio calculations of absorption spectra of large molecules in solution: Coumarin C153.
Improta, R., Barone, V., Santoro, F., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 46(3): 405-8 (2007).

Quantum chemical modeling and preparation of a biomimetic photochemical switch.
Lumento, F., Zanirato, V., Fusi, S., Busi, E., Latterini, L., Elisei, F., Sinicropi, A., Andruniow, T., Ferre, N., Basosi, R., Olivucci, M., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 46(3): 414-20 (2007).

Rearrangement of 1,3-dipolar cycloadducts derived from bis(phenylazo)stilbene: A DFT level mechanistic investigation.
Suresh, C.H., Ramaiah, D., George, M.V., J. Org. Chem. 72(2): 367-75 (2007).

Origin of the anomalous two-photon absorption in fluorescent protein DsRed.
Nifosi, R., Luo, Y., J. Phys. Chem. B 111(3): 505-7 (2007).

Reviews

Molecular switchable solids: towards photo-controlled magnetism.
Varret, F., Boukheddaden, K., Codjovi, E., Goujon, A., Hyperfine Interact. 165(1-4): 37-47 (2005).

Recent development of 6 [pi]-electrocyclic photochromic systems.
Matsuda, K., Irie, M., Chem. Lett. 35(11): 1204-9 (2006).

Point defects in germanium: Reliable and questionable data in radiation experiments.
Emtsev, V., Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 9(4-5): 580-8 (2006).

Dynamic processes leading to covalent bond formation for SN1 reactions.
Peters, K.S., Acc. Chem. Res. 40(1): 1-7 (2007).

Coincidence studies of the bond-forming reactivity and reaction dynamics of molecular dications.
Price, S.D., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 260(1): 1-19 (2007).

E-mail: ndrlrcdc.1@nd.edu
Author: K.P. Madden
Created: 7/2/97 Updated: 5/3/2007