Consider using the HTML Thesaurus at http://www.rcdc.nd.edu/thes_year.html ab initio [1982] BT calculation methods ablation USE degradation abrasion [1976] absorbance USE optical density absorption NT singlet-singlet absorption singlet-triplet absorption triplet-triplet absorption RT reabsorption UF optical absorption absorption bands RT absorption spectra absorption coefficient NT mass absorption coefficient RT cross sections scattering coefficient absorption spectra NT difference spectra infrared spectra ultrasonic absorption spectra BT spectra RT absorption bands extinction coefficient optical density oscillator strength UF optical spectra ultraviolet-visible spectra absorptivity, molar USE extinction coefficient abstraction NT H abstraction accelerators NT betatron cyclotron Febetron linear accelerator synchrocyclotron synchrotron Van de Graaff accelerator BT equipment acetal formation [1974] acetaldehyde BT aldehydes acetals NT chloral hydrate polyacetals RT ketals acetate ion [1970] BT carboxylate ions acetates BT salts, organic acetic acid BT carboxylic acids acetoin [1977] BT hydroxy compounds ketones acetone BT ketones acetonitrile BT nitriles acetophenone [1971] BT aromatics ketones acetophenones, substituted [1983] acetylene BT alkynes acid anhydrides USE anhydrides acid-base theory acid chlorides [1974] BT acid halides Cl compounds, organic acid formation acid halide formation [1976] acid halides [1976] NT acid chlorides BT carbonyl compounds halogen compounds, organic acidity [1974] RT pH, acidic acid rain [1987] acids [1994] NT acids, inorganic acids, organic acids, inorganic BT acids NT boric acid hydrochloric acid hydrofluoric acid Lewis acids nitric acid perchloric acid phosphoric acid sulfuric acid sulfurous acid acids, organic BT acids NT ascorbic acid carboxylic acids sulfonic acids RT salts, organic acoustic paramagnetic resonance spectra USE apr spectra acoustic properties [1974] acoustic techniques [1973] BT methods RT opto-acoustic techniques acridines [1976] BT heterocyclic N acrolein [1975] BT aldehydes vinyl compounds acrylamide BT amides vinyl compounds acrylates NT methyl acrylate BT esters vinyl compounds acrylic acid BT carboxylic acids vinyl compounds acrylonitrile BT nitriles vinyl compounds actinide compounds [1980] BT metal compounds UF transuranium compounds actinide ions [1977] UF transuranium ions actinides [1975] BT metals UF transuranium elements actinometer [1972] actinometry RT dosimetry action spectra USE excitation spectra activation energy UF Arrhenius parameters activation enthalpy USE enthalpy of activation activation entropy USE entropy of activation activation free energy USE free energy of activation activation volume RT volume of reaction activationless processes [1990] activity coefficient [1974] acyl radicals [1973] NT benzoyl radical formyl radical BT radicals acylation [1978] RT Friedel-Crafts reaction acyloxy radicals [1986] BT radicals, oxygen adamantane [1974] BT polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbons addition NT adduct formation cycloaddition H addition hydrogenation hydrogermylation hydrohalogenation hydrostannation hydroxylation radical addition additive effects additive properties [1987] additives RT scavengers adduct formation BT addition adducts [1975] adenine BT purines adenosine diphosphate USE ADP adenosine triphosphate USE ATP adhesion [1975] adhesives RT applications adiabatic approximation BT calculation methods adiabatic processes [1976] admr techniques [1992] UF absorption detected magnetic resonance techniques RT odmr techniques ADP [1984] BT nucleotides purines UF adenosine diphosphate adrenaline [1986] BT amines phenols, substituted adsorbents adsorption BT sorption NT chemisorption RT desorption surface effects aerated [1970] aerosol BT colloid aerosol formation [1975] affinity [1981] NT electron affinity H affinity proton affinity afterglow [1976] age estimation USE geochronology agglutination [1978] aggregates aggregation [1980] aggregation effects [1978] aggregation number [1979] RT critical micelle concentration agitation effects RT mechanical effects mixing agricultural applications [1975] BT applications air air effects [1988] air pollution [1971] BT pollution UF smog alanine BT amino acids albumins [1973] BT proteins UF blood albumin alcohol formation alcohols NT allyl alcohol benzyl alcohol butanols ethanol hexanols methanol pentanols 1-propanol 2-propanol vinyl alcohol RT hydroxy compounds polyhydroxy compounds aldehyde formation aldehydes NT acetaldehyde acrolein benzaldehyde formaldehyde glyoxal BT carbonyl compounds RT polyoxymethylenes algae [1983] alicyclic NT adamantane cycloalkanes cycloalkenes cycloalkyl halides decalin spirans UF cyclodienes aliphatic [not used if specific compound name is used as Keyword] alkali halides NT lithium fluoride BT alkali metal compounds halogen compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic alkali metal atoms [1973] alkali metal compounds NT alkali halides BT metal compounds alkali metal ions [1970] BT metal ions alkali metals BT metals alkaline earth metal compounds [1971] BT metal compounds alkaline earth metal ions [1976] BT metal ions alkaline earth metals [1976] BT metals alkaloids BT heterocyclic N NT quinine sulfate alkane formation alkanes NT butanes cycloalkanes ethane heptanes hexanes methane nonanes octanes pentanes propane squalane BT hydrocarbons UF paraffins alkene formation alkenes NT butenes cycloalkenes ethylene heptenes hexenes pentenes propylene BT hydrocarbons unsaturated compounds RT terpenes UF olefins alkenyl halides NT vinyl chloride alkenyl ions [1984] UF vinyl ions BT positive ions alkenyl radicals NT vinyl radical BT radicals alkenylbenzenes NT stilbene styrene BT aromatics hydrocarbons vinyl compounds alkoxide ions [1973] BT base, organic negative ions alkoxy radicals BT radicals alkyl halides BT halogen compounds, organic RT cycloalkyl halides alkyl ions [CR@3^^+@, as CH@3^^+@, C@2^H@5^^+@] [1973] BT carbenium ions alkyl radicals NT cycloalkyl radicals methyl radical BT radicals alkylation RT Friedel-Crafts reaction alkylbenzenes NT toluene xylene BT aromatics hydrocarbons alkyne formation alkynes NT acetylene cycloalkynes BT hydrocarbons unsaturated compounds RT diynes alkynyl compounds [1975] BT unsaturated compounds alkynyl radicals [1973] BT radicals alkynylbenzenes [1974] BT aromatics hydrocarbons allenes [1975] BT dienes alloxazines [1980] BT lumazines phenazines NT flavins alloys NT steel RT metals allyl alcohol BT alcohols allyl compounds [1974] BT unsaturated compounds allyl halides BT halogen compounds, organic allyl ions [1978] BT carbenium ions allyl radicals BT radicals alpha particles BT heavy ions RT helium nuclei alumina BT aluminum compounds oxides RT molecular sieves ruby UF corundum gibbsite aluminum compounds NT alumina amide formation [1976] amide ion USE NH@2^^$-@ amide radical BT radicals, nitrogen UF amino radical NH@2^ amides NT acrylamide formamide hexamethylphosphoramide lactams peptides polyacrylamide polyamides sulfonamides BT N compounds, organic amination amine formation [1974] amine oxides [1974] BT N compounds, organic oxides RT amines UF N oxides amines NT adrenaline amino acids aniline cystamine cysteamine diamines dopamine enamines methylamine polyamines rhodamines BT N compounds, organic RT amine oxides ammonium ions ammonium salts aminium radicals [R@2^N^+@] [1973] BT positive ions radicals, nitrogen UF nitrenium ions amino acid formation amino acids NT alanine arginine asparagine aspartic acid cysteine cystine DOPA glutamic acid glutamine glycine histidine hydroxyproline isoleucine leucine lysine methionine norleucine norvaline phenylalanine proline sarcosine serine threonine tryptophan tyrosine valine BT amines carboxylic acids RT peptides proteins amino radical USE amide radical ammines [1974] BT N compounds, inorganic RT coordination compounds ammonia BT N compounds, inorganic RT ammonium ions ammonium salts ammonia formation [1975] ammonium compounds USE ammonium salts ammonium ions BT positive ions RT amines ammonia ammonium radical USE NH@4^ ammonium salts NT quaternary ammonium salts BT salts, inorganic salts, organic RT amines ammonia UF ammonium compounds amorphous RT crystalline solid amyl alcohol USE pentanols analytical methods NT calorimetry chromatography colorimetry current-voltage curves diffraction dilatometry dosimetry electrophoresis esr techniques interferometry light scattering techniques Lyman photometry manometry mass spectrometry microscopy polarography potentiometry tracers viscosimetry BT methods RT instrumentation UF separation methods angular correlation spectra [1979] BT spectra angular dependence RT crystal orientation scattering processes angular distribution [1974] RT scattering processes anhydrides UF acid anhydrides anhydrous [1973] UF dehydrated aniline BT amines aromatics anilino radicals [1974] BT radicals, nitrogen anion radicals USE radical anions anions USE negative ions anisole [1975] BT aromatics ethers UF methoxybenzene anisotropy annealing RT bleaching detrapping UF thermal bleaching annulenes [1976] BT aromatics polyenes anthracene BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic anthracenes, substituted [1980] BT aromatics polycyclic anthracite USE coal antibiotics [1974] NT penicillins BT drugs antibodies [1988] antimony compounds [1985] NT heterocyclic Sb antioxidants [1975] RT applications antiprotons [1984] antirads USE radioprotectors antiseptics [1977] RT drugs, applications UF disinfectants apparatus USE equipment or instrumentation appearance potential applications NT agricultural applications atmospheric applications biological applications environmental applications food applications geological applications industrial applications medical applications photographic applications space applications textile applications RT adhesives antioxidants antiseptics building materials circuit fabrication coatings coolants drugs explosives food irradiation fuels hormones hydraulic fluids inks insecticides insulating materials lubricants packaging plasticizers surface active agents vitamins apr spectra BT spectra UF acoustic paramagnetic resonance spectra aquation RT hydration hydrolysis solvation aqueous solution BT solutions NT cloud water ground water lake water rain water river water seawater RT ice water UF water-s aquoluminescence USE lyoluminescence aralkyl compounds [1982] BT aromatics NT benzyl compounds aralkyl radicals BT radicals NT benzyl radicals arginine [1975] BT amino acids guanidines aromaticity [1978] aromatics NT acetophenone alkenylbenzenes alkylbenzenes alkynylbenzenes aniline anisole annulenes anthracene anthracenes, substituted aralkyl compounds aryl halides azulenes benzaldehyde benzene benzil benzoate ion benzoic acid benzoin benzonitrile benzophenone benzophenones, substituted benzynes cyclophanes fluorene fluorenes, substituted fluorescein fulvenes helicenes indoles luminol naphthacene naphthalene naphthalenes, substituted nitrobenzene pentacene perylene perylenes, substituted phenanthrene phenanthrenes, substituted phenazines phenol phenols, substituted phenothiazines phenylalanine polyphenyls polystyrene polyvinyltoluene pyrene pyrenes, substituted pyridines quinolines thiophenol TMPD triphenylene UF conjugated systems Arrhenius parameters USE activation energy or frequency factor arsenates [1975] BT arsenic compounds salts, inorganic arsenides [1982] BT arsenic compounds arsenites [1979] BT arsenic compounds arsenic compounds NT arsenates arsenides arsenites arsines heterocyclic As arsines [1976] BT arsenic compounds aryl halides BT aromatics halogen compounds, organic aryl ions [1976] BT carbenium ions aryl radicals BT radicals arylation [1978] NT phenylation aryloxide ions [1975] BT base, organic negative ions aryloxy radicals BT radicals, oxygen asbestos [1979] BT minerals ascorbic acid [1974] BT acids, organic polyhydroxy compounds vitamins UF ascorbate ion asparagine [1977] BT amino acids aspartic acid [1976] BT amino acids dicarboxylic acids asphalts [1975] UF bitumens association [1974] associative electron detachment [1975] BT electron detachment asymmetric synthesis [1984] UF chiral synthesis atmospheric applications [1978] BT applications RT environmental applications UF stratospheric applications tropospheric applications atomic beams [1971] BT beams atom-ion reactions USE ion-atom reactions atom-molecule reactions atom recombination USE radical combination atom transfer [1980] atoms [1980] ATP [1984] BT nucleotides purines UF adenosine triphosphate attenuation [1971] Auger electrons BT electrons Auger processes UF vacancy cascades autocatalysis [1979] BT catalysis autoionization BT ionization autoxidation [1974] BT oxidation avoided level crossing USE level-anticrossing azepines [1977] BT heterocyclic N seven membered rings azide ion [1973] BT negative ions azide radical [1973] BT radicals, nitrogen UF N@3^ azides BT N compounds, inorganic N compounds, organic salts, inorganic azines [1979] BT N compounds, organic aziridines [1983] BT heterocyclic N three membered rings azirines [1978] BT heterocyclic N three membered rings azo compounds BT N compounds, organic NT diazenes diazirines pyrazolines RT dyes diazonium salts UF diazo compounds azulenes [1970] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic seven membered rings bacteria [1977] RT purple membranes bacteriophage [1978] band strength [1974] band width [1974] bandgap [1974] RT energy gap barrelenes [1979] base, inorganic NT hydroxides BT bases base, organic NT alkoxide ions aryloxide ions BT salts, organic bases [1987] NT base, inorganic base, organic Lewis bases basicity [1974] RT pH, basic beams [1994] NT atomic beams ion beams molecular beams BEBO method [1982] UF bond-energy-bond-order method BT calculation methods benzaldehyde BT aldehydes aromatics 2,3-benzanthracene USE naphthacene benzene BT aromatics hydrocarbons benzene isomers [1974] UF Dewar benzene benzhydrol [1989] benzil [1975] BT aromatics diketones benzoate ion BT aromatics carboxylate ions RT benzoic acid benzoic acid BT aromatics carboxylic acids RT benzoate ion benzoin [1977] BT aromatics hydroxy compounds ketones benzonitrile BT aromatics nitriles benzophenone BT aromatics ketones benzophenones, substituted [1982] BT aromatics ketones benzoyl radical [1973] BT acyl radicals benzyl alcohol BT alcohols benzyl compounds benzyl chloride [1973] BT benzyl compounds Cl compounds, organic benzyl compounds [1973] BT aralkyl compounds NT benzyl alcohol benzyl chloride benzyl radicals [1974] BT aralkyl radicals benzynes [1974] BT aromatics beta rays betatron BT accelerators biacetyl BT diketones biaryls [1977] NT biphenyl biphenyls, substituted BT polyaryls bibliography RT review bicarbonate ion BT negative ions bicarbonates [1971] BT salts, inorganic bichromophores [1984] bicimer USE excimer bicycle reaction [1978] bicyclic [1978] BT polycyclic NT DABCO biexcitons [1976] BT exciton bihalides [1987] bilirubin [1979] BT pigments pyrroles bimolecular binding binding energy binuclear metal ions USE polynuclear metal ions biography [1976] biological applications BT applications RT medical applications biological effects [1971] biological inactivation USE enzyme inactivation or inactivation biological materials [also see category 3; also see: alkaloids, amino acids, antibiotics, bacteria, carbohydrates, cells, drugs, enzymes, hormones, nucleic acids, nucleotides, nucleosides, porphyrins, proteins, steroids, vitamins, yeast] [1973] UF biological systems biological systems USE biological materials bioluminescence [1979] BT luminescence biopolymers NT carbohydrates nucleic acids proteins BT polymers biphenyl BT biaryls hydrocarbons UF diphenyl biphenyls, substituted [1986] BT biaryls biphotonic processes biradicals BT radicals UF diradicals birefringence [1979] bismuth compounds [1971] NT heterocyclic Bi bisulfates [1975] BT sulfates bisulfites [1975] BT sulfites bitumens USE asphalts bleaching RT annealing coloration detrapping UF decolorization photobleaching thermal bleaching blobs Bloch electrons BT electrons blood [1982] blood albumin USE albumins blood cells [1975] boiling point Boltzmann equation method [1980] BT calculation methods bond angles bond cleavage bond cleavage B-Br [1980] bond cleavage B-C [1990] bond cleavage B-Cl [1980] bond cleavage B-F [1980] bond cleavage C-Br bond cleavage C-C [1976] bond cleavage C-Cl bond cleavage C-Co [1976] bond cleavage C-Cr [1980] bond cleavage C-Cu [1980] bond cleavage C-D [1976] bond cleavage C-F bond cleavage C-Ga [1989] bond cleavage C-Ge [1989] bond cleavage C-H bond cleavage C-I bond cleavage C-In [1986] bond cleavage C-metal [1980] bond cleavage C-N bond cleavage C-O bond cleavage C-P [1976] bond cleavage C-Pt [1980] bond cleavage C-S bond cleavage C-Se [1973] bond cleavage C-Si bond cleavage C-Sn [1976] bond cleavage C-T [1980] bond cleavage C-Te [1973] bond cleavage C-Ti [1980] bond cleavage C-U [1982] bond cleavage Cl-O [1976] bond cleavage Cl-S [1976] bond cleavage Co-Cl [1980] bond cleavage Co-H [1981] bond cleavage Cr-O [1982] bond cleavage Ge-H [1991] bond cleavage Mo-O [1992] bond cleavage N-Br [1974] bond cleavage N-F [1974] bond cleavage N-H bond cleavage N-N bond cleavage N-O bond cleavage N-S [1979] bond cleavage Ni-S [1993] bond cleavage O-H bond cleavage O-O bond cleavage O-P [1973] bond cleavage P-S [1980] bond cleavage Rh-N [1987] bond cleavage S-H bond cleavage S-O [1985] bond cleavage S-S bond cleavage Se-O [1979] bond cleavage Se-Se [1989] bond cleavage Si-Cl [1981] bond cleavage Si-H bond cleavage Si-Si [1988] bond cleavage Te-O [1992] bond dissociation energy UF bond strength bond distance [1974] BT distance bond-energy-bond-order method USE BEBO method bond strength USE bond dissociation energy bone [1980] boranes [1974] NT carboranes BT boron compounds borates BT boron compounds boric acid [1977] BT acids, inorganic boron compounds Born approximation BT calculation methods borohydride ion [1974] BT negative ions boron compounds NT boranes borates boric acid heterocyclic B bound-bound transition [1978] bound-free transition [1974] bound states [1971] RT excited states Br compounds, inorganic NT bromates cyanogen bromide perbromates BT halogen compounds, inorganic Br compounds, organic NT eosin vinyl bromide BT halogen compounds, organic Br@2^^$-@ BT radical anions Br@3^^$-@ [1980] BT negative ions branching ratios [1977] BT rates breakdown [1975] bremsstrahlung NT X-rays bridge compounds [1979] BrO [1974] BT radicals, oxygen BrOH^$-@ [1977] BT radical anions BrO@2^ [1979] BT radicals, oxygen BrO@3^ [1980] BT radicals, oxygen bromates BT Br compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic bromide ion BT halide ions bromination USE halogenation bromites [1993] Brownian motion [1975] bubble chamber [1971] bubbles buffers [1985] building materials [1974] NT cement concrete RT applications butadiene BT dienes butanes BT alkanes butanols BT alcohols UF butyl alcohols isobutyl alcohol butenes NT isobutylene BT alkenes butyl alcohols USE butanols C^+@ [1977] BT carbon ions positive ions C@2^ [1975] BT carbon C@2^^+@ [1988] BT carbon ions positive ions C@3^ [1979] BT radicals C@4^ [1989] caffeine [1986] cage compounds [1978] cage effect UF Franck-Rabinowitch effect calcite [CaCO@3^] [1974] BT carbonates calcium compounds minerals UF calcium carbonate limestone calcium carbonate USE calcite calcium compounds NT calcite fluorite BT alkaline earth metal compounds calculated data RT computer analysis UF estimated data calculation methods NT ab initio adiabatic approximation BEBO method Boltzmann equation method Born approximation close-coupling approximation configuration interaction method diabatic approximation distorted wave method double pulse techniques Fourier transform method generating function method Green's function method Hartree-Fock method Huckel MO method Laplace transform method LCAO-MO method linear response theory molecular dynamics Monte-Carlo method optical approximation perturbation-iteration method perturbed stationary state method phase-shifts method quasiequilibrium method RRKM method self-consistent field (SCF) method semiclassical method sudden approximation valence bond method BT methods RT molecular orbital calculations calibration [1976] calorimetry BT analytical methods RT dosimetry heating UF differential thermal analysis canal complexes USE inclusion compounds carbamates [1971] BT N compounds, organic salts, organic carbanions [1974] BT negative ions carbazoles [1973] NT polyvinylcarbazole vinylcarbazole BT heterocyclic N carbenes NT CBr@2^ CCl@2^ methylene vinylidene BT radicals RT germylenes silylenes stannylenes carbenium ions [CR@3^^+@] [1976] NT alkyl ions allyl ions aryl ions BT carbocations carbides [1971] carbocations [1989] NT carbenium ions carbonium ions carbohydrates NT glucose glucuronides glycosides polysaccharides ribose sucrose BT biopolymers polyhydroxy compounds RT heterocyclic O UF sugars carbon NT fullerenes graphite C@2^ diamond carbon-13, tracer BT tracers carbon-14, tracer BT tracers carbon dioxide BT oxides carbon dioxide formation [1976] carbon disulfide BT disulfides carbon fiber-polymer combinations [1989] RT polymers carbon formation [1974] carbon ions [1975] BT C^+@ C@2^^+@ carbon monoxide BT oxides carbon monoxide formation [1975] carbon suboxide BT oxides carbon tetrachloride BT chlorocarbons carbonate ion BT negative ions carbonate radical [HCO@3^] BT radicals carbonate radical ion USE CO@3^^$-@ carbonates NT calcite polycarbonates BT salts, inorganic carbonium ions [CR@5^^+@] [used up to 1976, now see: carbenium ions] NT CH@5^^+@ BT carbocations carbonyl compounds NT acid halides aldehydes ketenes ketones metal carbonyls RT thiones carbonyl fluoride [1979] carbonyl sulfide [1975] carbonylation [1974] carboranes [1973] BT boranes carboxyl radical BT radicals UF COOH carboxyl radical ion BT radical anions UF CO@2^^$-@ carboxylate ions NT acetate ion benzoate ion formate ion oxalate ion BT negative ions RT carboxylic acids carboxylation carboxylic acids NT acetic acid acrylic acid amino acids benzoic acid dicarboxylic acids EDTA formic acid keto acids methacrylic acid polycarboxylic acids tricarboxylic acids BT acids, organic RT carboxylate ions lipids UF fatty acids carboxymethylcellulose [1975] BT cellulose esters polysaccharides carbynes [1977] NT CBr CCl methyne BT radicals carcerands [1994] BT large rings carcinogens [1975] carotene [1980] BT polyenes vitamins CARS spectra [1980] BT Raman spectra UF coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering catalysis NT autocatalysis RT catalysts catalysts RT catalysis catenanes [1993] cation radicals USE radical cations cations USE positive ions cavity [1973] RT solvated electrons cavity energy USE trap energy CBr [1983] BT carbynes CBr@2^ [1980] BT carbenes CBr@3^ [1976] BT haloalkyl radicals CCl [1980] BT carbynes CCl@2^ [1980] BT carbenes CCl@3^ [1976] BT haloalkyl radicals cellophane USE cellulose nitrate cells [1977] cellulose NT cotton BT polysaccharides RT paper cellulose acetate BT acetates cellulose esters polymers cellulose esters [1978] NT carboxymethylcellulose cellulose acetate cellulose nitrate cellulose nitrate [1973] BT cellulose esters nitrates polymers cement [1974] BT building materials ceramics Cerenkov radiation BT luminescence CF@2^ [1979] CF@3^ [1975] BT haloalkyl radicals CH USE methyne CH^+@ [1975] BT positive ions CH@2^ USE methylene CH@2^^+@ [1974] BT positive ions CH@2^^$-@ [1987] BT negative ions CH@3^ USE methyl radical CH@3^^+@ USE alkyl ions CH@5^ [1974] CH@5^^+@ [1973] BT carbonium ions C@2^H@5^^+@ USE alkyl ions chain branching BT chain reactions chain length BT chain reactions chain reactions NT chain branching chain length initiation propagation termination RT polymerization chain scission chain transfer chalcones [1994] BT ketones channeling charge charge carriers [1972] charge collection [1972] charge delocalization [1971] charge density [1974] charge effects [1982] charge exchange USE charge transfer charge generation USE current injection, ionization, or photoionization charge injection USE current injection charge localization RT electron localization charge neutralization charge pulses [1971] UF current pulses charge recombination USE ion neutralization charge resonance [1992] charge separation charge transfer NT dissociative charge transfer resonance charge transfer TICT RT electron transfer ion transfer UF charge exchange charge transfer to ligand USE CTTL charge transfer to metal USE CTTM charge transfer to solvent USE CTTS charge trapping BT trapping RT electron trapping hole trapping charge traps BT traps RT electron traps hole traps charge-dipole interaction [1972] RT dipole-dipole interaction UF electron-dipole interaction ion-dipole interaction charge-transfer complexes charged particles USE negative ions, positive ions, etc. chelates USE coordination compounds chemical evolution [1975] UF molecular evolution chemical kinetics also use a specific term, such as: activation energy bimolecular competition kinetics decay diffusion kinetics enthalpy of activation entropy of activation first order reaction fractional orders frequency factor half-life ionic strength effect isotope effects isotope exchange lifetime mechanism nonhomogeneous kinetics pseudo-first order reaction rates second order reaction steady state termolecular third order reaction unimolecular zero order reaction chemical potential [1982] BT thermodynamic properties chemical shift [1976] RT nmr spectra chemical waves USE oscillators chemiionization [1974] BT ionization chemiluminescence BT luminescence chemisorption BT adsorption chirality [1974] BT stereochemistry chloral hydrate [1974] BT acetals Cl compounds, organic chlorates BT Cl compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic chloride ion BT halide ions chlorination USE halogenation chlorins [1976] BT pyrroles RT porphyrins chlorite ion [1974] chlorites [1974] BT Cl compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic chlorocarbons [1975] NT carbon tetrachloride BT Cl compounds, organic halocarbons UF perchlorocarbons chloroform BT Cl compounds, organic chlorophyll [1971] BT pigments RT liposomes pheophytins chloroplasts [1977] RT photosynthesis chloropolymers [1973] BT Cl compounds, organic halopolymers chloroprene [1974] BT Cl compounds, organic dienes cholesterol [1973] BT steroids chromanes USE pyrans chromate ion [1973] BT chromium ions negative ions chromates [1974] BT chromium compounds salts, inorganic RT perchromates UF dichromates chromatography BT analytical methods UF gel permeation chromatography thin layer chromatography chromium compounds NT chromates perchromates chromones USE pyrones chromophores CIDEP [1973] RT polarization UF chemically induced dynamic electron polarization CIDNP [1972] RT nmr spectra polarization UF chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization circuit fabrication [1975] RT applications electron resists cis-trans isomers BT isomers UF stereoisomers Cl compounds, inorganic NT chlorates chlorites Cl@2^O cyanogen chloride ferric chloride hydrochloric acid nitrosyl chloride nitryl chloride perchlorates perchloric acid BT halogen compounds, inorganic Cl compounds, organic NT benzyl chloride chloral hydrate chlorocarbons chloroform chloropolymers chloroprene Freons halocarbons methylene chloride polychloroprene poly(vinyl chloride) poly(vinylidene chloride) Rose Bengal thiophosgene vinyl chloride vinylidene chloride BT halogen compounds, organic Cl@2^^$-@ BT radical anions Cl@3^^$-@ BT negative ions clathrates RT inclusion compounds clays [1975] BT minerals RT soil clay-polymer combinations USE mineral-polymer combinations ClO BT radicals, oxygen ClO@2^ [1973] BT radicals, oxygen ClO@3^ [1975] BT radicals, oxygen Cl@2^O [1989] BT Cl compounds, inorganic Cl@2^O@2^ [1990] close-coupling approximation BT calculation methods cloud chamber [1971] cloudwater [1983] BT water, natural RT aqueous solution clusters [1971] NT ion clusters RT nucleation UF aggregates CN UF cyanide radical (CNS)@2^^$-@ [1974] BT radical anions UF (SCN)@2^^$-@ thiocyanate radical ion CNDO USE molecular orbital calculations CO^+@ [1976] BT positive ions CO@2^^$-@ USE carboxyl radical ion CO@3^^$-@ [1973] BT radical anions UF carbonate radical ion CO@3^^3-@ BT radical anions C@2^O [1980] coal [1975] UF anthracite coke lignite coatings RT applications UF paints coenzymes [1975] RT enzymes coherence [1984] coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering USE CARS spectra coincidence techniques [1981] UF photoelectron-photon coincidence etc. coke USE coal collagen [1974] BT proteins collision processes BT mechanism collision theory RT steric factor UF gas kinetic theory collisional deactivation UF collisional quenching BT deactivation collisional ionization [1980] BT ionization collisional quenching USE collisional deactivation collisionless processes [1978] colloid NT aerosol dispersions emulsions foams fogs gels sols suspensions RT heterogeneous systems mixtures color centers BT defects trapped electrons UF F-centers coloration RT bleaching dyes colorimetry [1970] BT analytical methods combination NT ion neutralization radical combination UF recombination combustion comets [1976] comicelles [1975] RT micelles competition kinetics complex formation complex ions RT coordination compounds complexes composites [1980] NT concrete-polymer combinations glass-polymer combinations leather-polymer combinations metal-polymer combinations mineral-polymer combinations wood-polymer combinations RT laminates compressibility [1977] computer analysis RT calculated data computer programs computer simulation [1984] RT calculation methods models concentration effects concerted mechanism [1986] BT mechanism concrete BT building materials concrete-polymer combinations [1973] BT composites RT mineral-polymer combinations condensation conductance BT electrical properties conduction band RT V@0^ conductivity NT electrical conductivity photoconductivity thermal conductivity conductors, organic [1988] RT molecular electronics configuration coordinate model [1973] BT models configuration interaction method BT calculation methods conformation BT stereochemistry conformational isomers BT isomers UF stereoisomers conjugated systems conjugation [1975] conproportionation [1986] RT disproportionation consecutive reactions [1974] UF sequential reactions continuum [1973] convection [1984] convolution [1987] RT deconvolution COOH USE carboxyl radical coolants [1976] RT applications coolants, organic cooling [1974] coordination compounds RT ammines complex ions UF chelates copolymerization BT polymerization RT copolymers grafting copolymers BT polymers RT copolymerization terpolymers correlation diagrams [1975] correlation time [1977] BT time correlations [1977] NT structural correlations symmetry correlations corrosion [1976] corundum USE alumina cosmic rays [1976] costs [1971] cotton BT cellulose fibers Cottrell plots [1983] Coulomb explosion [1991] coumarins [1981] BT pyrones UF psoralens counters [1976] coupling [1980] coupling constants NT hyperfine tensor quadrupole tensor RT esr spectra coupling models [1980] BT models CP [1988] BT radicals, phosphorus cracking [1971] critical density [1977] RT density critical micelle concentration [1977] RT aggregation number critical radius (electron transfer) [1990] RT electron transfer radius critical radius (energy transfer) [1982] RT energy transfer radius UF Foerster radius critical state [1973] RT gas liquid supercritical critical temperature [1977] cross sections RT adsorption coefficient scattering coefficient crossed beams [1973] crosslinking RT endlinking polymerization crown compounds [1976] BT large rings cryptand compounds [1979] BT large rings crystal orientation RT angular dependence esr spectra crystal structure [1986] BT structure RT lattice parameters crystalline NT liquid crystals mixed crystals single crystals BT solid RT amorphous UF polycrystalline crystallinity crystallization [1975] CS [1979] CTLL [1989] UF charge transfer ligand-to-ligand LLCT BT charge transfer CTTL [1984] UF charge transfer to ligand MLCT BT charge transfer CTTM [1984] UF charge transfer to metal BT charge transfer CTTS [1984] UF charge transfer to solvent BT charge transfer cubanes [1991] BT polycyclic four membered rings curing UF hardening current USE electric current or photocurrent current injection RT photoinjection UF charge generation charge injection electron injection current pulses USE charge pulses current-voltage curves RT cyclic voltammetry BT analytical methods electrical properties cyanates BT N compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic RT isocyanates cyanide formation [1988] RT nitrile formation cyanide radical USE CN cyanides NT cyanogen bromide cyanogen chloride cyanogen iodide ferricyanides ferrocyanides hydrogen cyanide BT N compounds, inorganic RT isocyanides nitriles cyanines [1977] NT phthalocyanines BT heterocyclic N cyanogen [1972] BT N compounds, inorganic RT nitriles cyanogen bromide [1974] BT cyanides Br compounds, inorganic cyanogen chloride [1975] BT cyanides Cl compounds, inorganic cyanogen iodide BT cyanides I compounds, inorganic cyanurates [1976] BT triazines cyclic voltammetry [1974] RT current-voltage curves cyclization NT cycloaddition UF ring closure cycloaddition [1978] BT addition cyclization cycloalkane formation [1975] cycloalkanes NT cyclobutane cyclohexane cyclopentane cyclopropane BT alkanes alicyclic hydrocarbons UF methylcyclohexane cycloalkene formation [1974] cycloalkenes NT cyclohexene cyclopentene BT alicyclic alkenes hydrocarbons cycloalkenyl radicals [1974] BT radicals cycloalkyl halides [1973] BT alicyclic halogen compounds, organic RT alkyl halides cycloalkyl radicals NT cyclohexyl radical BT alkyl radicals cycloalkynes [1975] BT alkynes cyclobutane BT cycloalkanes four membered rings cyclodextrins [1984] BT carbohydrates cyclodienes USE alicyclic and dienes cyclohexadienyl radicals BT radicals cyclohexane BT cycloalkanes cyclohexene BT cycloalkenes cyclohexyl radical BT cycloalkyl radicals cyclopentadienyl radicals BT radicals cyclopentane BT cycloalkanes cyclopentene BT cycloalkenes cyclophanes [1976] BT aromatics cyclopropane BT cycloalkanes three membered rings cycloreversion [1980] cyclotron BT accelerators cystamine [1975] BT amines sulfides, organic cysteamine [1975] BT amines mercaptans cysteine BT amino acids mercaptans cystine BT amino acids sulfides, organic cytochromes [1974] BT metalloproteins proteins RT enzymes cytosine [1980] BT pyrimidines D@2^^+@ [1975] BT positive ions D@3^^+@ [1976] BT positive ions DABCO [1980] BT amines bicyclic heterocyclic N UF 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane triethylenediamine databases [1987] data compilation data evaluation [1986] data fitting [1974] dating USE geochronology deactivation NT collisional deactivation deaerated dealkylation [1974] BT elimination deamination BT elimination decalin [1976] BT alicyclic hydrocarbons polycyclic decarbonylation BT elimination decarboxylation BT elimination decay NT free induction decay multiexponential decay decay coefficient USE decay rate decay curves decay rate BT rates UF decay coefficient decay time BT rates RT half-life lifetime time decolorization USE bleaching decomposition RT degradation deconvolution [1980] RT convolution defects NT color centers definitions [1986] deformation BT mechanical properties degradation RT decomposition degradation spectra [1971] BT spectra degree of polymerization dehalogenation BT elimination dehydrated USE anhydrous dehydration BT elimination dehydrogenation BT elimination dehydrohalogenation BT elimination dehydroxylation [1989] delayed fluorescence USE delayed luminescence delayed luminescence BT luminescence RT microwave induced fluorescence UF delayed fluorescence MIDP delocalization [1984] NT electron delocalization delta rays BT electrons Dember effect demetallation [1992] demonstrations USE teaching aids denitration [1973] BT elimination density RT critical density density effects density fuctional theory [1995] density matrix methods [1984] deoxyribonucleic acid USE DNA dephasing [1980] depolarization [1973] depolymerization RT polymerization depopulation [1977] deprotonation [1976] depth effects desalination [1980] desorption RT adsorption sorption surface effects desulfonation [1973] BT elimination detachment NT electron detachment detection [1986] detectors BT instrumentation RT dosimetry detergents BT surface active agents detrapping [1973] RT annealing bleaching UF mobilization deuteration [1976] deuterium UF hydrogen-2 deuterium atoms RT hydrogen atoms deuterium compounds deuterium exchange BT isotope exchange deuterium halides [1974] RT hydrogen halides deuterium labeling USE deuterium, tracer deuterium oxide BT water UF heavy water deuterium, tracer BT tracers UF deuterium labeling deuterons [source] BT heavy ions Dewar benzene USE benzene isomers dextran [1978] BT polysaccharides diabatic approximation [1974] BT calculation methods dialysis [1980] BT separation diamines [1973] NT DABCO EDTA ethylenediamine TMPD BT amines diamond BT carbon diatomic molecules [1971] 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane USE DABCO diazenes [1984] BT azo compounds heterocyclic N diazirines [1978] BT azo compounds heterocyclic N three membered rings diazo compounds USE azo compounds diazonium salts BT salts, organic RT azo compounds dicarboxylic acids NT aspartic acid glutamic acid malonic acid oxalic acid BT carboxylic acids RT polycarboxylic acids dichloromethane USE methylene chloride dichroism NT MCD dielectric constant BT dielectric properties dielectric materials RT ferroelectric materials dielectric properties NT dielectric constant dielectric relaxation [1987] BT relaxation dielectrons BT electrons UF electron pairs diene formation dienes NT allenes butadiene chloroprene isoprene norbornadiene BT polyenes RT metallocenes UF cyclodienes difference spectra [1986] BT absorption spectra differential thermal analysis USE calorimetry diffraction BT analytical methods diffusion coefficient USE diffusion constant diffusion constant RT diffusion processes UF diffusion coefficient diffusion kinetics RT diffusion processes diffusion processes NT self-diffusion BT mechanism RT diffusion constant diffusion kinetics diffusion time [1978] BT time dihydrogen tetroxide USE H@2^O@4^ dihydroxyphenylalanine USE dopamine diketones NT benzil biacetyl BT ketones polyketones dilatometry [1977] BT analytical methods dimensions [1973] NT distance radius volume UF size dimerization BT polymerization dimers dimethyl sulfoxide BT sulfoxides diodes diols USE glycols or polyhydroxy compounds dioxane BT ethers heterocyclic O dioxenes [1985] BT ethers heterocyclic O dioxetanes [1978] BT four membered rings heterocyclic O peroxides, organic dioxins [1980] BT heterocyclic O dioxiranes [1989] BT peroxides, organic three membered rings dioxolanes [1977] BT heterocyclic O ketals dioxoles [1984] BT heterocyclic O ketals diphenyl USE biphenyl diphenylpicrylhydrazyl BT hydrazyl radicals UF DPPH diphosphenes [1984] BT phosphorus compounds UF phosphenes diphosphorpyridine dinucleotide USE NAD dipole-dipole interaction RT charge-dipole interaction dipole moment dipole-quadrupole interaction [1980] dipoles [1986] diradicals USE biradicals direct effect [1986] disaccharides [1987] discharge USE electric discharge disinfectants USE antiseptics dislocation USE displacement dismutation USE disproportionation disorder [1977] dispersion interaction [1980] dispersions BT colloid displacement [1973] RT substitution UF dislocation displacement energy [1973] disproportionation UF dismutation RT conproportionation dissociation RT fragmentation dissociation constant USE equilibrium constant dissociative charge transfer [1974] BT charge transfer dissociative electron attachment USE dissociative electron capture dissociative electron capture BT electron capture UF dissociative electron attachment dissociative electron excitation [1974] BT electron excitation dissociative excitation [1975] BT excitation dissociative ionization [1975] BT ionization dissolution [1973] distance NT bond distance mean free path thermalization length track length BT dimensions RT radius UF length distance dependence [1989] distorted wave method BT calculation methods distribution coefficient RT partition coefficient distribution functions [1973] distribution of products USE yields, relative disulfides NT carbon disulfide TTF BT S compounds, inorganic S compounds, organic RT sulfides, inorganic sulfides, organic dithiolanes [1990] BT heterocyclic S dithionite ion [1984] BT negative ions S compounds, inorganic diynes [1978] BT polynes RT alkynes DNA BT nucleic acids UF deoxyribonucleic acid documentation [1973] RT information systems domains DOPA [1984] BT phenols, substituted amino acids UF dihydroxyphenylalanine dopamine [1986] BT phenols, substituted amines UF dihydroxyphenethylamine dose NT dose < 10^18@eV/cm^3@ dose < 10^18@eV/g dose > 10^22@eV/cm^3@ dose > 10^22@eV/g dose < 10^18@eV/cm^3@ BT dose dose < 10^18@eV/g BT dose dose > 10^22@eV/cm^3@ BT dose dose > 10^22@eV/g BT dose dose assurance USE dosimetry dose effects dose rate NT dose rate < 10^15@eV/cm^3@/s dose rate < 10^15@eV/g/s dose rate > 10^20@eV/cm^3@/s dose rate > 10^20@eV/g/s dose rate effects dose rate < 10^15@eV/cm^3@/s BT dose rate dose rate < 10^15@eV/g/s BT dose rate dose rate > 10^20@eV/cm^3@/s BT dose rate dose rate > 10^20@eV/g/s dosimetry NT ferrous sulfate dosimeter microdosimetry BT analytical methods RT actinometry calorimetry detectors instrumentation ionization chambers double pulse techniques [1986] BT calculation methods doublet-doublet transition [1974] doublet states [1971] BT excited states DPPH USE diphenylpicrylhydrazyl drift velocity drug-polymer combinations [1980] drugs NT antibiotics RT antiseptics medical applications UF pharmaceutical applications pharmaceuticals dry electrons BT electrons dry holes [1979] BT holes dual luminescence [1974] BT luminescence dye fixation [1971] RT dyes dyes NT eosin fluorescein indicators methylene blue phthalocyanines rhodamines Rose Bengal RT azo compounds coloration dye fixation ecr techniques [1979] BT methods UF electron cyclotron resonance techniques EDTA BT carboxylic acids diamines UF ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid effective mass [1980] efficiency NT ionization efficiency quantum efficiency eigenvalues eight membered rings Einstein A coefficient [1977] elasticity BT mechanical properties RT Young's modulus elastomers RT plastics rubber eldor spectra [1973] BT esr spectra UF electron double resonance spectra electric current UF current RT photocurrent electric discharge UF discharge electrodeless discharge glow discharge h.f. discharge microwave discharge r.f. discharge Wood's tube electrical conductivity BT conductivity electrical properties RT Hall effect photoconductivity electrical field RT spark gap electrical field effects UF voltage dependence electrical potential [1977] BT electrical properties NT electrode potential surface potential UF voltage electrical properties NT conductance current-voltage curves electrical conductivity electrical potential electrical resistivity photopotentials electrical resistivity BT electrical properties electrochemistry NT photoelectrochemistry RT polarography electrochromism [1977] electrode potential [1982] BT electrical potential electrodeless discharge USE electric discharge electrodes [1971] NT rotating electrode semiconductor electrodes electrolytes USE salts, inorganic or salts, organic electrolytic techniques [1973] electron affinity BT affinity electron attachment USE electron capture electron capture NT dissociative electron capture RT ion capture UF electron attachment electron cascade [1976] electron collision electron cyclotron resonance USE ecr techniques electron delocalization RT electron localization electron detachment [1975] NT associative electron detachment BT detachment electron density BT ion density electron-dipole interaction USE charge-dipole interaction electron ejection USE electron emission electron-electron double resonance USE eldor spectra electron emission NT photoelectron emission BT emission RT photopotentials UF electron ejection exoelectron emission thermostimulated electron emission (TSEE) electron escape BT escape electron excitation NT dissociative electron excitation RT inverse electronic relaxation UF electron shake-off electron fraction electron impact electron injection USE current injection electron-lattice interaction [1976] electron localization BT localization RT charge localization electron delocalization energy localization localized electrons electron migration BT migration electron mobility BT ion mobility electron pairs USE dielectrons electron-phonon interaction [1975] electron resists [1977] RT circuit fabrication electron scattering RT scattering processes electron scavengers BT negative charge scavengers scavengers RT electron traps electron shake-off USE electron excitation electron spin echo techniques USE ese techniques electron spin resonance spectra USE esr spectra electron spin resonance techniques USE esr techniques electron swarm [1973] electron thermalization BT thermalization electron transfer RT charge transfer ion transfer electron transmission spectra [1984] BT transmission spectra electron trapping BT trapping RT charge trapping electron traps BT traps RT charge traps electron scavengers trapped electrons electronegativity [1977] electronic configuration electronic energy [1973] BT energy electrons [use only for source] NT Auger electrons Bloch electrons delta rays dielectrons dry electrons excess electrons free electrons hot electrons localized electrons mobile electrons photoelectrons pi electrons quasifree electrons secondary electrons solvated electrons subexcitation electrons thermal electrons trapped electrons RT exciton muonium electrophoresis [1976] BT analytical methods electrostatic interaction [1971] elements [Individual elements may also be used as keywords but are not included in this list]. elimination NT dealkylation deamination decarbonylation decarboxylation dehalogenation dehydration dehydrogenation dehydrohalogenation denitration desulfonation H elimination elongation BT mechanical properties emission NT electron emission RT luminescence UF thermionic emission emission bands RT emission spectra emission spectra BT spectra RT emission bands luminescence UF fluorescence spectra phosphorescence spectra emissivity [1971] empirical equations emulsion polymerization BT polymerization emulsions BT colloid UF microemulsions enamines [1980] BT amines unsaturated compounds encapsulation [1971] endlinking [1987] RT crosslinking ENDOR spectra BT esr spectra RT TRIPLE spectra energy NT electronic energy energy, low energy < 1 keV energy < 1 MeV energy < 100 eV energy 1-4 MeV energy 4-10 MeV energy 10-25 MeV energy > 1 GeV energy > 25 MeV ionization energy potential energy reorganization energy rotational energy translational energy vibrational energy RT wavelength UF photon energy quantum energy energy, low [1973] BT energy energy < 1 keV BT energy energy < 1 MeV BT energy energy < 100 eV [1973] BT energy energy 1-4 MeV BT energy energy 4-10 MeV BT energy energy 10-25 MeV BT energy energy > 1 GeV [1974] BT energy energy > 25 MeV BT energy energy balance [1976] energy barrier NT rotational barrier energy conversion [1976] energy delocalization [1978] RT energy localization energy dependence [1973] UF fluence dependence energy deposition energy distribution energy gap [1977] BT optical properties RT bandgap energy gap law [1986] energy levels NT V@0^ zero-point level energy localization BT localization RT energy delocalization energy loss NT LET energy loss spectra RT energy transmission spectra energy migration BT migration RT energy transfer energy partition RT energy transfer energy sources [1975] NT fuels RT energy storage energy storage [1975] RT energy sources energy transfer NT resonance energy transfer RT critical radius (energy transfer) energy migration energy partition excitation transfer migration rate energy transmission spectra [1975] RT energy loss spectra energy traps [1977] NT trap energy engineering [1978] enhancement [1973] enol ethers [1975] BT enols enols [1977] NT enol ethers RT ketones enolization [1975] RT ketonization enones [1980] RT ynols enthalpy NT heat of formation BT thermodynamic properties UF heat of reaction enthalpy of activation UF activation enthalpy entropy BT thermodynamic properties entropy of activation UF activation entropy environmental applications NT pollution waste treatment water purification BT applications RT atmospheric applications enynes [1980] BT unsaturated compounds enzyme immobilization [1974] BT immobilization enzyme inactivation BT inactivation UF biological inactivation enzymes BT proteins RT coenzymes cytochromes metalloproteins eosin [1978] BT Br compounds, organic dyes xanthenes epoxide formation [1976] epoxides RT oxiranes epoxy resins USE polyethers epr spectra USE esr spectra equilibria USE reversible reactions equilibrium constant BT thermodynamic properties RT pK UF dissociation constant K equipment NT accelerators reactor RT instrumentation UF apparatus errors [1977] escape [1979] NT electron escape ese techniques [1973] BT methods RT esr spectra UF electron spin echo techniques esr absorption spectra USE esr spectra esr emission spectra [1974] BT esr spectra esr spectra NT eldor spectra ENDOR spectra esr emission spectra lmr spectra MESR spectra opepr spectra TRIPLE spectra BT spectra RT coupling constants crystal orientation ese techniques g factor g shift g tensor hybridization hyperfine interaction hyperfine structure line shape line width MSR spectra nutation power saturation satellite lines spin delocalization spin density zero field splitting UF electron spin resonance spectra epr spectra esr techniques [also see category D] BT analytical methods methods UF electron spin resonance techniques ester formation esters NT acrylates ethyl acetate lactones methacrylates methyl acetate peresters polyacrylates polyesters poly(vinyl acetate) poly(vinyl stearate) vinyl acetate vinyl stearate estimated data USE calculated data etching ethane BT alkanes ethanol BT alcohols UF ethyl alcohol ether formation ethers NT anisole dioxane dioxenes ethyl ether furans polyethers pyrans tetraoxane trioxane ethyl acetate [1975] BT esters ethyl alcohol USE ethanol ethyl ether BT ethers ethyl mercaptan BT mercaptans ethylene BT alkenes ethylene oxide [1973] BT oxiranes ethylenediamine BT diamines ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid USE EDTA eutectic [1975] evaporation [1977] excess electrons [1973] BT electrons exchange NT isotope exchange ligand exchange spin exchange exchange interaction [1976] excimer RT exciplex excited states exciplex RT excimer excited states exterplex multiplexes UF bicimer excitation NT dissociative excitation excitation energy UF excitation potential excitation functions [1974] excitation potential USE excitation energy excitation processes BT mechanism excitation spectra BT spectra UF action spectra modulation excitation spectra excitation transfer RT energy transfer excited states NT doublet states higher excited states quartet states quintet states rotational states singlet states superexcited states translational states triplet states vibrational states RT bound states excimer exciplex transients UF metastable states excited state scavengers BT scavengers exciton NT biexcitons RT electrons polaritron positronium exciton spectra BT spectra exoelectron emission USE electron emission explosion explosives [1971] RT applications exterplex [1977] RT exciplex extinction coefficient RT absorption spectra oscillator strength UF absorptivity, molar extraction UF solvent extraction F@2^^$-@ BT radical anions F compounds, inorganic NT fluorite hydrofluoric acid lithium fluoride sulfur hexafluoride BT halogen compounds, inorganic F compounds, organic NT fluorocarbons fluoropolymers Freons poly(vinyl fluoride) poly(vinylidene fluoride) vinyl fluoride vinylidene fluoride BT halogen compounds, organic fabrics USE fibers fallout [1971] far ultraviolet USE vacuum ultraviolet fats USE lipids fatty acids USE carboxylic acids F-centers USE color centers FDMR spectra USE odmr spectra feature articles Febetron BT accelerators femtosecond spectroscopy [1988] femtosecond time range [1974] RT time Fenton's reagent [1973] BT iron ions hydrogen peroxide fermentation [1984] Fermi energy [1980] ferredoxins [1973] BT iron compounds metalloproteins ferric chloride BT Cl compounds, inorganic iron compounds ferricyanides [1974] BT cyanides iron compounds ferrioxalates [1986] BT iron compounds oxalates ferrocene [1973] BT iron compounds metallocenes ferrocyanides [1974] BT cyanides iron compounds ferroelectric materials RT dielectric materials ferrous sulfate dosimeter NT Fricke dosimeter BT dosimetry fiber optics [1984] fibers NT cotton fibers, synthetic rayon silk wool UF fabrics textile fibers fibers, synthetic BT fibers field emission [1973] field emission techniques [1974] field ionization [1974] BT ionization fillers [1976] UF reinforcing agents film formation [1973] films RT layers solid UF thin films fire resistance USE flameproofing first order reaction BT kinetic order fission fragments UF fission products fuel rods fission products USE fission fragments five membered rings [also see cyclopentane, cyclopentene, furans, imidazoles, pyrazoles, pyrroles, thiazoles, thiophenes, triazoles, etc.] flameproofing [1977] flames flash photolysis BT methods photolysis RT pulse techniques flat-band potential [1981] flavins BT alloxazines UF riboflavin flavones [1978] BT polycyclic pyrones flocculants [1980] flow diagrams [1975] flow techniques BT methods RT supersonic flow flue gas USE waste gas fluence dependence USE energy dependence fluorene [1973] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic fluorenes, substituted [1985] BT aromatics fluorenone [1975] BT aromatics ketones polycyclic fluorescein [1975] BT dyes xanthenes fluorescence [1978] BT luminescence fluorescence lifetime USE lifetime fluorescence quantum yields USE luminescence yields fluorescence spectra USE emission spectra fluorescent probes USE luminescent probes fluoride ion BT halide ions fluorimetry [1979] NT phase fluorimetry pulsed fluorimetry BT methods fluorination USE halogenation fluorite BT calcium compounds F compounds, inorganic minerals fluorocarbons NT tetrafluoroethylene BT F compounds, organic halocarbons fluoropolymers NT polytetrafluoroethylene BT F compounds, organic halopolymers FO [1974] BT radicals, oxygen FO@2^ [1977] BT radicals, oxygen foaming [1973] foams BT colloid Foerster radius USE critical radius (energy transfer) fogs [1976] BT colloid food applications [1974] BT applications food irradiation RT applications forbidden transitions force constants [1977] form factor [1977] formaldehyde BT aldehydes RT tetraoxane trioxane formamide [1973] BT amides formate ion BT carboxylate ions RT formic acid formates BT salts, organic formic acid BT carboxylic acids RT formate ion formyl radical [CHO] [1973] BT acyl radicals four membered rings NT cubanes cyclobutane dioxetanes oxetanes squaraines four wave mixing Fourier transform method [1980] BT calculation methods fourth order reaction [1978] BT kinetic order fractals [1985] fractional orders BT kinetic order fragmentation RT dissociation Franck-Condon factors USE transition probabilities Franck-Rabinowitch effect USE cage effect free electrons [1973] BT electrons free energy BT thermodynamic properties free energy of activation [1979] UF activation free energy free-free transition [1977] free induction decay [1984] BT decay free ion yields USE G(free ions) free ions BT ions free radicals USE radicals freezing [1980] BT phase transitions Frenkel model [1975] BT models Freons [1974] BT Cl compounds, organic F compounds, organic halocarbons frequency conversion [1977] frequency effects [1975] frequency factor UF Arrhenius parameters preexponential factor Fricke dosimeter BT ferrous sulfate dosimeter Friedel-Crafts reaction [1978] RT acylation alkylation Fries reaction [1977] fuel rods USE fission fragments fuels BT energy sources RT applications petroleum fullerenes [1991] BT polycyclic carbon fulvenes [1980] BT aromatics fulvic acids [1977] RT humic acids fungicides [1974] furan BT furans furans [1973] NT furan methyltetrahydrofuran tetrahydrofuran BT ethers heterocyclic O G NT G 10-100 G > 100 G(electrons) G(excited states) G(free ions) G(ions) G(photons) G(radicals) G(-reactant) BT yields RT M/N UF radiation yields G 10-100 BT G G > 100 BT G G(atoms) USE G(radicals) G(electrons) BT G G(excited states) BT G G(free ions) [1973] BT G UF free ion yields G(initial) [1979] G(ions) BT G RT W G(photons) BT luminescence yields G G(radicals) BT G UF G(atoms) G(-reactant) BT G g factor RT esr spectra g shift RT esr spectra g tensor RT esr spectra gain [1984] galvinoxyl BT radicals gamma rays gas BT state RT critical state gas formation gas kinetic theory USE collision theory gel formation gel fraction [1980] gel permeation chromatography USE chromatography gelatin BT proteins gels NT hydrogels BT colloid geminate recombination USE ion neutralization generating function method [1980] BT calculation methods geochronology [1975] UF age estimation dating geological applications [1974] BT applications geometry USE structure germanes BT germanium compounds organometallic compounds germanium compounds NT germanes heterocyclic Ge germylenes [R@2^Ge] [1990] BT radicals, germanium RT carbenes gibbsite USE alumina glass NT glass, inorganic glass, organic BT solid glass, inorganic BT glass glass, organic NT Shpolskii matrix BT glass glass-polymer combinations [1971] BT composites RT polymer globins [1974] BT proteins globulins [1975] BT proteins glow curves glow discharge USE electric discharge glucose BT carbohydrates glucuronides [1975] BT carbohydrates glue [1978] glutamic acid [1975] BT amino acids dicarboxylic acids glutamine [1977] BT amino acids glycerides [1979] glycerol BT polyhydroxy compounds glycine BT amino acids glycol formation [1973] glycols NT pinacols BT polyhydroxy compounds glycosides [1974] BT carbohydrates glyoxal [1974] BT aldehydes grafting RT copolymerization polymerization graphite BT carbon grappes USE spurs greases USE lubricants Green's function method [1977] BT calculation methods ground state [1974] ground water [1983] BT water, natural RT aqueous solution guanidines [1975] NT arginine BT N compounds, organic guanine [1975] BT purines H abstraction BT abstraction hydrogen transfer UF hydrogen atom transfer H addition BT addition H affinity [1980] BT affinity H elimination BT elimination H^$-@ USE hydride ion H^2-@ [1976] BT negative ions H@2^^+@ BT positive ions H@2^^$-@ [1971] BT radical anions H@3^ [1987] H@3^^+@ [1973] BT positive ions half-life BT rates RT decay time lifetime time half-wave potentials [1976] RT polarography half-width [1974] halide ions NT bromide ion chloride ion fluoride ion iodide ion BT negative ions Hall effect RT electrical conductivity haloalkyl radicals NT CBr@3^ CCl@3^ CF@3^ BT radicals halocarbons NT chlorocarbons fluorocarbons Freons BT halogen compounds, organic halogen abstraction [1977] halogen atom exchange [1976] halogen atom transfer halogen atoms NT bromine atoms chlorine atoms fluorine atoms iodine atoms halogen compounds [1969] halogen compounds, inorganic NT alkali halides Br compounds, inorganic Cl compounds, inorganic F compounds, inorganic hypohalous compounds I compounds, inorganic interhalogen compounds halogen compounds, organic NT acid halides alkyl halides allyl halides aryl halides Br compounds, organic Cl compounds, organic cycloalkyl halides F compounds, organic halocarbons halopolymers I compounds, organic sulfonyl halides halogen formation [1981] halogenation UF bromination chlorination fluorination iodination halogens [1976] halopolymers [1980] NT chloropolymers fluoropolymers BT halogen compounds, organic polymers Hammett $s plot RT structural correlations handbook hardening USE curing hardness BT mechanical properties Hartree-Fock method BT calculation methods He^+@ heat capacity [1979] heat capacity of activation [1978] heat of formation [1973] BT enthalpy heat of reaction USE enthalpy heat pulse methods USE temperature jump methods heat shrinking [1977] heating [1976] RT calorimetry opto-acoustic techniques photothermal techniques heavy atom effects [1975] heavy ions NT alpha particles deuterons helium nuclei protons UF heavy particles heavy particles USE heavy ions heavy water USE deuterium oxide or tritium oxide Heitler-London-Slater-Pauling method USE valence bond method helicenes [1976] BT aromatics polycyclic helium ions NT helium nuclei He^+@ helium nuclei [He^++@] BT heavy ions helium ions RT alpha particles heme compounds [1974] BT iron compounds porphyrins Henry's law coefficient [1986] heparin [1976] BT polysaccharides heptanes BT alkanes heptenes [1975] BT alkenes herbicides [1973] heterocyclic As [1985] BT arsenic compounds heterocyclic B [1976] BT boron compounds heterocyclic Bi [1985] BT bismuth compounds heterocyclic Ge [1983] BT germanium compounds heterocyclic N NT acridines alkaloids azepines aziridines azirines carbazoles cyanines DABCO diazenes diazirines imidazoles indoles lactams lumazines morpholines nucleic acids nucleosides nucleotides oxadiazoles oxazines oxazoles penicillins phenanthrolines phenazines piperazines piperidines pterins purines pyrazines pyrazoles pyrazolines pyridazines pyridines pyridones pyrimidines pyrroles pyrrolidines quinolines quinoxalines sydnones tetrazines tetrazoles thiadiazoles thiazines thiazoles triazines triazoles BT N compounds, organic heterocyclic O NT dioxane dioxenes dioxetanes dioxins dioxolanes dioxoles furans lactones morpholines oxadiazoles oxazines oxazoles oxetanes oxiranes pyrans pyrones spiropyrans sydnones tetraoxane trioxane RT carbohydrates heterocyclic P [1977] BT phosphorus compounds heterocyclic Pt [1980] BT platinum compounds heterocyclic Rh [1984] BT rhodium compounds heterocyclic S NT dithiolanes penicillins thiadiazoles thiazines thiazoles thiophenes TTF BT S compounds, organic heterocyclic Sb [1985] BT antimony compounds heterocyclic Se [1975] BT selenium compounds heterocyclic Si [1977] BT silicon compounds heterocyclic Sn [1983] heterocyclic Te [1978] heterogeneous kinetics USE nonhomogeneous kinetics heterogeneous systems RT colloid NT mulls hexamethylphosphoramide [1975] BT amides phosphorus compounds hexanes NT methylpentanes BT alkanes hexanols BT alcohols hexenes BT alkenes h.f. discharge USE electric discharge higher excited states [1980] BT excited states RT superexcited states UF upper excited states histidine [1975] BT amino acids imidazoles histones [1974] BT proteins history [1990] HNO [1979] HO^+@ [1977] BT positive ions HO@2^ USE perhydroxyl radical HO@2^^+@ [1974] BT positive ions HO@2^^$-@ BT negative ions UF hydroperoxide ion HO@3^ [1984] BT radicals, oxygen RT O@3^^$-@ HO@3^^$-@ BT negative ions H@2^O^+@ BT positive ions H@2^O^$-@ [1976] BT radical anions H@2^O@2^^+@ BT peroxy radicals positive ions H@2^O@3^ UF hydrogen sesquioxide H@2^O@4^ UF dihydrogen tetroxide H@3^O H@3^O^+@ [1987] [use only for gas phase species, otherwise use hydrogen ion] H@3^O^$-@ [1994] H@3^O^2+@ [1973] BT positive ions hole burning [1977] hole injection [1974] hole migration hole trapping BT trapping RT charge trapping UF positive charge trapping hole traps BT traps RT charge traps trapped holes holes NT defects dry holes UF positive holes holography [1979] hopping processes [1974] RT migration hormones BT applications hot atom chemistry RT recoil reactions hot atoms hot electrons [1974] BT electrons hot ions [1973] hot radicals BT radicals Huckel MO method BT calculation methods molecular orbital calculations humic acids [1975] hybridization RT esr spectra hydrated electrons BT solvated electrons RT polaron hydrated positrons [1974] BT solvated positrons hydrates hydration BT solvation RT aquation hydraulic fluids [1982] RT applications hydrazides [1979] NT luminol hydrazine formation [1976] hydrazines BT N compounds, inorganic N compounds, organic hydrazones [1974] UF phenyl hydrazones hydrazyl radicals [1973] NT diphenylpicrylhydrazyl BT radicals, nitrogen hydride formation [1972] hydride ion BT negative ions UF H^$-@ hydride transfer BT hydrogen transfer hydrides hydrocarbons NT adamantane alkanes alkenes alkenylbenzenes alkylbenzenes alkynes alkynylbenzenes anthracene azulenes benzene biphenyl cycloalkanes cycloalkenes decalin fluorene naphthacene naphthalene pentacene perylene petroleum phenanthrene polyalkenes polyaryls polyisoprene polystyrene polyvinyltoluene pyrene quadricyclane terphenyl triphenylene hydrochloric acid [1972] BT acids, inorganic Cl compounds, inorganic hydrodioxyl USE perhydroxyl radical hydrodynamic effect [1973] hydrofluoric acid [1974] BT acids, inorganic F compounds, inorganic hydrogels [1977] BT gels hydrogen NT ortho-hydrogen para-hydrogen hydrogen-2 USE deuterium hydrogen-3 USE tritium hydrogen atoms NT mobile H trapped H RT deuterium atoms tritium atoms hydrogen atom transfer USE H abstraction hydrogen bonding hydrogen bonds [1971] hydrogen bromide USE hydrogen halides hydrogen chloride USE hydrogen halides SEE ALSO hydrochloric acid hydrogen cyanide BT cyanides hydrogen cyanide formation [1976] hydrogen fluoride USE hydrogen halides SEE ALSO hydrofluoric acid hydrogen formation hydrogen halide formation [1973] hydrogen halides RT deuterium halides UF hydrogen bromide hydrogen chloride hydrogen fluoride hydrogen iodide hydrogen iodide USE hydrogen halides hydrogen ion [1971] BT positive ions RT protons UF hydronium ion hydrogen peroxide BT peroxides, inorganic NT Fenton's reagent hydrogen selenide [1975] BT selenium compounds hydrogen sesquioxide USE H@2^O@3^ hydrogen sulfide BT sulfides, inorganic hydrogen transfer [1973] NT H abstraction hydride transfer proton transfer hydrogenation BT addition hydrogermylation [1981] BT addition hydrohalogenation [1974] BT addition hydrolysis BT solvolysis RT aquation UF saponification hydronium ion USE hydrogen ion hydroperoxide ion USE HO@2^^$-@ hydroperoxides RT peroxides, inorganic peroxides, organic hydroperoxyl radical USE perhydroxyl radical hydrophilization [1974] hydrophobicity [1987] hydroquinones [1975] BT phenols, substituted hydrostannation [1971] BT addition UF hydrostannylation hydrostannylation USE hydrostannation hydroxamates [RCONROR] hydroxide ion BT negative ions hydroxides BT base, inorganic hydroxy compounds [1974] NT acetoin benzoin hydroxyproline serine threonine RT alcohols glycols phenol phenols, substituted polyhydroxy compounds hydroxyalkyl radicals BT radicals RT ketyl radicals hydroxyaryl radicals [1976] BT radicals hydroxyl radical BT radicals, oxygen UF OH hydroxylamines BT N compounds, inorganic N compounds, organic hydroxylation BT addition hydroxyproline [1977] BT amino acids hydroxy compounds pyrrolidines hyperconjugation [1975] hyperfine coupling tensor USE hyperfine tensor hyperfine interaction RT esr spectra hyperfine structure RT esr spectra hyperfine tensor BT coupling constants UF hyperfine coupling tensor hypochromism [1985] hypohalous compounds BT halogen compounds, inorganic I compounds, inorganic NT cyanogen iodide iodates periodates BT halogen compounds, inorganic I compounds, organic NT Rose Bengal vinyl iodide BT halogen compounds, organic I@2^^$-@ BT radical anions radicals, iodine I@3^^$-@ BT negative ions ice RT water aqueous solution icr spectra [1973] BT spectra UF ion cyclotron resonance spectra icr techniques [1973] BT methods UF ion cyclotron resonance techniques imidazoles [1971] NT histidine BT heterocyclic N imide formation [1987] imide radical USE imino radical imides NT polyimides BT N compounds, organic imidogen radical USE imino radical imines BT N compounds, organic iminium ions [R@2^C=N^+@R@2^] [1984] BT positive ions imino radical [1973] BT radicals, nitrogen UF imide radical imidogen radical NH immobilization [1981] NT enzyme immobilization immunoassay [1987] impact-parameter method BT semiclassical method UF classical trajectory method quasiclassical trajectory method semi-classical method trajectory method implantation [1976] UF ion implantation impurity effects inactivation NT enzyme inactivation UF biological inactivation inclusion compounds RT clathrates UF canal complexes inclusion polymerization [1971] BT polymerization indenes [1981] indicators [1977] BT dyes INDO USE molecular orbital calculations indoles NT tryptophan BT heterocyclic N aromatics induction period inductive effects [1975] industrial applications BT applications information storage [1990] information systems [1976] RT documentation infrared [1973] UF wavelength > 700 nm infrared spectra BT absorption spectra infrared stimulated charge recombination USE ISCR inhibitors initiation BT chain reactions initiation rate BT rates inks [1973] RT applications inner-filter effect [1982] inner shell processes [1976] insecticides RT applications UF pesticides insertion NT methylene insertion instrumentation NT streak camera RT analytical methods detectors dosimetry equipment UF apparatus insulating materials [1971] RT applications UF insulators insulators USE insulating materials insulin USE peptides intensity dependence interaction potential [1976] intercalation USE complex formation interfaces [1977] RT surfaces interfacial potential USE surface potential interferometry [1976] BT analytical methods interhalogen compounds [1978] BT halogen compounds, inorganic intermediates NT transients UF precursors intermolecular internal conversion BT radiationless transition internal energy [1975] BT thermodynamic properties internal rotation [1991] BT rotation internal sources BT sources RT self-irradiations interstitials [1971] intersystem crossing BT radiationless transition intramolecular NT TICT inverse electronic relaxation [1980] BT relaxation RT electron excitation inversion [1980] IO [1974] BT radicals, oxygen IO@2^ [1985] BT radicals, oxygen IO@3^ [1988] iodates BT I compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic iodide ion BT halide ions iodination USE halogenation ion-atom reactions [1971] UF atom-ion reactions ion beams [1981] BT beams ion capture [1973] RT electron capture ion clusters BT clusters ion cyclotron resonance spectra USE icr spectra ion cyclotron resonance techniques USE icr techniques ion density NT electron density ion-dipole interaction USE charge-dipole interaction ion exchange ion exchangers [1976] ion exchange resins BT polymers ion impact [1972] ion implantation USE implantation ion mobility NT electron mobility BT mobility ion-molecule reactions ion neutralization NT ISCR BT combination neutralization UF charge recombination geminate recombination ion recombination ion pairs RT M/N ion recombination USE ion neutralization ion transfer [1971] RT charge transfer electron transfer ion-triplets [1980] ionic polymerization BT polymerization ionic processes BT mechanism ionic strength effect ionization NT autoionization chemiionization collisional ionization dissociative ionization field ionization Penning ionization photoionization UF charge generation ionization chambers RT dosimetry ionization currents ionization efficiency BT efficiency ionization energy BT energy ionization potential ionizing radiation [1979] RT radiation chemistry ionomers [1988] RT polyelectrolytes ionosphere ions [ions of various elements, e.g. copper ions, may be used as keywords but are not listed here] NT free ions negative ions positive ions radical ions solvated ions trapped ions IPPR spectra [1993] iron compounds NT ferric chloride ferredoxins ferricyanides ferrioxalates ferrocene ferrocyanides heme compounds pyrite iron ions NT Fenton's reagent ISCR [1973] BT ion neutralization UF infrared stimulated charge recombination isobutyl alcohol USE butanols isobutylene BT butenes isocyanates [1972] BT N compounds, organic salts, organic RT cyanates isocyanides [1971] BT N compounds, organic RT cyanides nitriles UF isonitriles isoleucine [1975] BT amino acids isomerization NT valence isomerization isomers NT cis-trans isomers conformational isomers optical isomers RT rotamers isonitriles USE isocyanides isoprene BT dienes isopropyl alcohol USE 2-propanol isothiocyanates [1972] BT N compounds, organic salts, organic S compounds, organic RT thiocyanates isotope effects UF kinetic isotope effects isotope exchange NT deuterium exchange tritium exchange BT exchange isotope separation [1975] isotopes [individual nuclides may also be used as keywords and are not listed here] UF nuclides Jahn Teller effect Jesse effect [1973] jet-cooled USE supersonic techniques jets [1987] RT supersonic techniques Kapton USE polyimides kerma [1982] Kerr effect [1977] ketals [1976] RT acetals NT dioxolanes dioxoles ketene formation [1975] ketenes NT thioketenes BT carbonyl compounds keto acids [1973] BT carboxylic acids ketone formation ketones NT acetone acetophenone benzophenone benzophenones, substituted chalcones diketones fluorenone polyketones BT carbonyl compounds RT enols ketonization [1975] RT enolization ketyl radicals [1973] BT radicals RT hydroxyalkyl radicals thioketyl radicals Kevlar USE polyarimid kinetic energy USE translational energy kinetic isotope effects USE isotope effects kinetic order NT first order reaction fourth order reaction fractional orders pseudo-first order reaction second order reaction third order reaction zero order reaction kinetic spectroscopy [1973] UF time resolved spectrophotometry Kraft point [1980] BT temperature labeling USE tracers laboratories [1976] laboratory experiments [1988] RT teaching aids laboratory manual lactams [1975] BT amides heterocyclic N lactones BT esters heterocyclic O lake water [1983] BT water, natural RT aqueous solution laminates [1978] RT composites wood-polymer combinations lanthanide ions USE rare-earth metal ions lanthanides USE rare-earth metals Laplace transform method [1971] BT calculation methods large rings [1974] NT carcerands catenanes crown compounds cryptand compounds rotaxanes UF macrocycles laser formation [1974] laser magnetic resonance spectra USE lmr spectra laser magnetic resonance techniques USE lmr techniques lasers lattice parameters RT crystal structure layers RT films vesicles UF monolayers LCAO-MO method BT calculation methods molecular orbital calculations leather-polymer combinations [1980] BT composites RT polymers lecture length USE distance lenses LET BT energy loss RT LET effects mass absorption coefficient stopping power UF linear energy transfer LET effects RT LET UF track effects leucine [1975] BT amino acids level-anticrossing [1977] level crossing USE level-anticrossing Lewis acids [1988] BT acids, inorganic Lewis bases [1987] BT bases lifetime BT rates RT decay time half-life time UF fluorescence lifetime phosphorescence lifetime radiative lifetime ligand exchange [1978] BT exchange light USE sunlight light scattering techniques [1975] BT analytical methods lignins [1972] RT polymers wood lignite USE coal limestone USE calcite Linac USE linear accelerator line broadening [1977] line narrowing [1980] line shape RT esr spectra line width RT esr spectra linear accelerator BT accelerators UF Linac linear energy transfer USE LET linear response theory [1980] BT calculation methods lipids NT phospholipids RT carboxylic acids liposomes polyhydroxy compounds UF fats triglycerides liposomes [1976] RT chlorophyll lipids polyenes liquid BT state RT critical state solutions liquid crystals BT crystalline lithium fluoride BT alkali halides F compounds, inorganic lithography [1977] LLCT USE CTLL LMCT USE CTTM lmr spectra [1974] BT spectra RT esr spectra UF laser magnetic resonance spectra lmr techniques [1979] BT methods UF laser magnetic resonance techniques localization [1979] NT electron localization energy localization localized electrons [1973] BT electrons RT electron localization lubricants RT applications UF greases lumazines [1987] BT heterocyclic N NT alloxazines luminescence NT bioluminescence Cerenkov radiation chemiluminescence delayed luminescence dual luminescence fluorescence phosphorescence thermoluminescence triboluminescence RT emission UF radiative transition luminescence intensity luminescence yields NT G(photons) BT yields UF fluorescence quantum yields phosphorescence quantum yields quantum yields of luminescence radiative quantum yields scintillation yields luminescent probes [1975] BT probes UF fluorescent probes luminol [1973] BT aromatics hydrazides Lyman photometry [1973] BT analytical methods lyoluminescence [1973] UF aquoluminescence lysine [1975] BT amino acids macrocycles USE large rings magnetic circular dichroism USE MCD magnetic field magnetic field effects magnetic field jump method [1990] magnetic moment [1980] magnetic properties NT magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility [1971] BT magnetic properties magnetization [1971] NT photomagnetization magnetophotoselection [1977] magnetron technique BT methods malonic acid [1973] BT dicarboxylic acids manganese compounds NT permanganates manometry [1979] BT analytical methods mass absorption coefficient BT absorption coefficient RT LET mass stopping power mass balance USE material balance mass spectra BT spectra RT mass spectrometry mass spectrometry BT analytical methods RT mass spectra mass stopping power BT stopping power RT mass absorption coefficient material balance UF mass balance stoichiometry matrix effects NT polarity effects RT mixed matrices solvent effects matrix isolation [1973] MCD [1975] UF magnetic circular dichroism BT dichroism mean free path [1979] BT distance mechanical effects [1975] RT agitation effects mechanical properties NT deformation elasticity elongation hardness stress tensile strength mechanism NT collision processes concerted mechanism diffusion processes excitation processes ionic processes primary processes radical processes relaxation processes scrambling processes secondary processes medical applications [1971] BT applications RT biological applications drugs meetings [1976] melamine resins [1975] BT polymers triazines melanins [1979] BT pigments proteins melting [1976] BT phase transitions melting point membranes memory USE optical memory mercaptans NT cysteamine cysteine ethyl mercaptan BT S compounds, organic RT sulfhydryl groups UF thiols mesons [1975] UF muons pions MESR spectra [1974] BT esr spectra UF modulated excitation esr spectra metalation [1986] metal atoms [1971] metal-carbon bonds [1980] metal carbonyls BT carbonyl compounds organometallic compounds metal compounds [see also individual metal compounds] [1976] NT actinide compounds alkali halides alkali metal compounds alkaline earth metal compounds organometallic compounds rare-earth metal compounds transition metal compounds metal deposition USE metal formation metal foil metal formation metal-hydrogen bonds [1986] metal ions [see also individual metal ions] NT alkali metal ions alkaline earth metal ions polynuclear metal ions rare-earth metal ions transition metal ions BT positive ions RT salts, inorganic metallocenes [1974] NT ferrocene BT organometallic compounds RT dienes metalloproteins [1976] NT cytochromes ferredoxins phytochromes BT proteins RT enzymes metal-metal bonds [1977] metal-polymer combinations [1971] BT composites RT polymers metals [see also individual metals] NT actinides alkali metals alkaline earth metals rare-earth metals RT alloys metaphosphates USE phosphates metastable ions [1973] BT excited states metastable states USE excited states methacrylates NT methyl methacrylate BT esters methacrylic acid BT carboxylic acids methacrylonitrile [1984] BT nitriles vinyl vompounds methane BT alkanes methanol BT alcohols UF methyl alcohol methionine [1975] BT amino acids sulfides, organic method of beats [1978] RT quantum beats methods NT acoustic techniques analytical methods calculation methods ecr techniques ese techniques esr techniques flash photolysis flow techniques icr techniques lmr techniques magnetron technique nmr techniques nqr techniques odmr techniques opto-acoustic techniques pH jump techniques phosphorimetry photothermal techniques picosecond spectroscopy pOH jump techniques pulse radiolysis pulse techniques rotating sector method single photon methods supersonic techniques stopped-flow techniques temperature jump methods UF techniques methoxybenzene USE anisole methyl acetate BT esters methyl acrylate BT acrylates methyl alcohol USE methanol methyl methacrylate BT methacrylates methyl radical [1973] BT alkyl radicals UF CH@3^ methylamine BT amines methylcyclohexane USE cycloalkanes methylene BT carbenes UF CH@2^ methylene blue BT dyes phenothiazines methylene chloride BT Cl compounds, organic UF dichloromethane methylene insertion BT insertion methylpentanes BT hexanes methyltetrahydrofuran BT furans methyne [1972] BT carbynes UF CH mica [1980] BT minerals micelles RT comicelles surface effects vesicles microdosimetry [1976] BT dosimetry microemulsions USE emulsions microscopy BT analytical methods microsomes USE liposomes microstructure USE structure microwave conductivity [1983] microwave discharge USE electric discharge microwave induced fluorescence [1977] UF MIF RT delayed luminescence microwave radiation microwave optical double resonance USE MODR microwave optical multiple resonance USE MOMR techniques microwave techniques [1984] MIDP USE delayed luminescence MIF USE microwave induced fluorescence migration [1971] NT electron migration energy migration RT hopping processes migration rate BT rates RT energy transfer mineral-polymer combinations [1973] BT composites RT concrete polymer combinations polymers UF clay-polymer combinations mineralization [1995] minerals NT asbestos calcite clays fluorite mica pyrite quartz ruby sand mixed crystals [1975] BT crystalline mixed matrices [1975] RT matrix effects mixed solvents [1975] RT solutions mixed valence metal ions USE polynuclear metal ions mixing [1977] RT agitation effects mixtures RT colloid solutions MLCT USE CTTL M/N BT yields RT G ion pairs mobile electrons BT electrons mobile H [1971] BT hydrogen atoms mobility NT electron mobility ion mobility molecular mobility BT transport properties mobilization USE detrapping models [1973] NT configuration coordinate model coupling models Frenkel model percolation model random walk model self-avoiding walk models MODR [1976] UF microwave optical double resonance RT MOMR techniques modulated excitation esr spectra USE MESR spectra modulated excitation spectra USE excitation spectra AND modulation modulation [1971] RT phase sensitive detection UF modulated excitation spectra USED WITH excitation spectra Moessbauer spectra BT spectra molecular beams BT beams molecular distortion [1976] molecular dynamics [1971] BT calculation methods molecular electronics [1989] RT conductors, organic molecular evolution USE chemical evolution molecular mobility BT mobility molecular motion molecular orbital calculations [1972] NT Huckel MO method LCAO-MO method RT calculation methods UF CNDO INDO molecular sieves RT alumina silica molecular structure USE structure molecular weight molybdates BT molybdenum compounds salts, inorganic molybdenum compounds NT molybdates MOMR techniques [1973] RT MODR odmr spectra UF microwave optical multiple resonance monolayers USE layers monomers [see also individual compound names] monopole theory [1977] Monte-Carlo method [1975] BT calculation methods morpholines [1988] BT heterocyclic N heterocyclic O Mossbauer spectra USE Moessbauer spectra Mott-Schottky plot [1981] MPRI spectra [1979] BT spectra UF multiple photon resonance ionization spectra resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra MSR spectra [1981] BT spectra RT esr spectra UF muonium spin resonance spectra $mSR spectra [1983] UF muon spin rotation spectra $mSR techniques [1989] mulls [1991] BT heterogeneous systems multiexponential decay [1987] BT decay multimers USE polymers multiphonon theory [1978] multiphotonic processes [1975] multiplet states [1980] NT quartet states quintet states triplet states multiplexes [1975] RT exciplex multipole-multipole interaction [1976] RT quadrupole interaction muon spin rotation spectra USE $mSR spectra muonium RT electrons muonium spin resonance spectra USE MSR spectra muons USE mesons mylar USE polyesters N^+@ [1975] BT positive ions N@2^^+@ [1971] BT positive ions N@2^^$-@ [1971] BT negative ions N@3^ USE azide radical N@3^^+@ [1988] N@3^^2-@ [1974] BT radical anions N@4^^+@ [1988] N@4^^$-@ [1974] BT negative ions N compounds, inorganic NT ammines ammonia azides cyanates cyanides cyanogen hydrazines hydroxylamines nitrates nitric acid nitrides nitrites nitrogen oxides nitrosyl chloride nitryl chloride tetrazenes thiocyanates thiocyanogen N compounds, organic NT amides amine oxides amines amino acids azides azines azo compounds carbamates guanidines heterocyclic N hydrazines hydroxylamines imides imines isocyanates isocyanides isothiocyanates nitramines nitrenes nitriles nitro compounds, organic nitrones nitrosamines nitroso compounds oximes polyphosphazenes proteins semicarbazides semicarbazones ureas, substituted urethanes NAD [1976] UF nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diphosphopyridine dinucleotide NADH USE NAD nanosecond time range RT time naphthacene [1973] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic UF 2,3-benzanthracene tetracene naphthalene BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic naphthalenes, substituted [1980] BT aromatics polycyclic NT naphthol naphthalocyanines [1986] BT phthalocyanines naphthol [1989] BT phenols, substituted naphthalenes, substituted negative charge scavengers [1976] NT electron scavengers BT scavengers negative ions NT alkoxide ions aryloxide ions azide ion bicarbonate ion borohydride ion Br@3^^$-@ carbanions carbonate ion carboxylate ions chromate ion CH@2^^$-@ Cl@3^^$-@ dithionite ion H^2-@ halide ions HO@2^^$-@ HO@3^^$-@ hydride ion hydroxide ion I@3^^$-@ N@2^^$-@ N@4^^$-@ NH@2^^$-@ nitrate ion nitrite ion O^2-@ O@2^^2-@ O@2^^3-@ oxyanions phosphate ion radical anions sulfate ion sulfite ion thiocyanate ion BT ions UF anions charged particles neopentane BT pentanes neopentyl alcohol USE pentanols neutralization [1970] NT ion neutralization neutrons NH USE imino radical NH@2^ USE amide radical NH@2^^$-@ [1974] BT negative ions UF amide ion NH@3^^+@ [1976] BT positive ions NH@4^ [1988] BT radicals, nitrogen UF ammonium radical nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide USE NAD nitramines [1972] BT N compounds, organic nitrate ion BT negative ions UF NO@3^^$-@ nitrate radical USE NO@3^ nitrates [if organic, also use "esters"] NT cellulose nitrate BT N compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic nitration nitrenes BT N compounds, organic nitrenium ions [R@2^N^+@] [1993] nitric acid BT acids, inorganic N compounds, inorganic nitric oxide BT nitrogen oxides nitrides BT N compounds, inorganic nitrile formation [1971] RT cyanide formation nitriles NT acetonitrile acrylonitrile benzonitrile methacrylonitrile polyacrylonitrile BT N compounds, organic RT cyanides cyanogen isocyanides nitrite ion BT negative ions UF NO@2^^$-@ nitrites [if organic use esters also] BT N compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic nitro compounds, organic NT nitroalkanes nitrobenzene BT N compounds, organic nitroalkanes [1973] BT nitro compounds, organic nitrobenzene BT aromatics nitro compounds, organic nitrogen dioxide USE NO@2^ nitrogen fixation nitrogen formation nitrogen oxides NT nitric oxide nitrous oxide NO@2^ BT N compounds, inorganic oxides nitrones [1974] BT N compounds, organic nitrosamines [1974] BT N compounds, organic nitroso compounds BT N compounds, organic nitrosyl chloride [NOCl] [1973] BT Cl compounds, inorganic N compounds, inorganic nitrous oxide BT nitrogen oxides nitroxide radicals [1973] BT radicals, oxygen nitryl chloride [NO@2^Cl] [1974] BT Cl compounds, inorganic N compounds, inorganic nmr spectra RT chemical shift CIDNP BT spectra UF nuclear magnetic resonance spectra pmr spectra nmr techniques [1980] BT methods NO@2^ BT nitrogen oxides UF nitrogen dioxide NO@2^^+@ [1977] BT positive ions NO@2^^$-@ USE nitrite ion NO@2^^2-@ [1976] BT radical anions NO@3^ UF nitrate radical NO@3^^$-@ USE nitrate ion NO@3^^2-@ BT radical anions nonadiabatic processes [1984] nonanes BT alkanes nonaqueous solution BT solutions nonbonding electrons [1979] nonbonding orbitals [1977] nonequilibrium effects [1974] nonhomogeneous kinetics UF heterogeneous kinetics nonlinear optical processes [1983] nonpolar systems [also see specific terms] nonstoichiometric compounds [1974] norbornadiene [1977] BT dienes norleucine [1975] BT amino acids Norrish type I processes [1977] Norrish type II processes [1977] Norrish type III processes [1977] norvaline [1975] BT amino acids nqr techniques [1973] BT methods UF nuclear quadrupole resonance techniques nuclear fusion [1975] nuclear magnetic resonance spectra USE nmr spectra nuclear quadrupole resonance techniques USE nqr techniques nuclear reaction [1973] nuclear spin isomers [1976] nuclear waste [1978] BT waste nucleation [1974] nucleic acids NT DNA RNA BT biopolymers heterocyclic N RT nucleosides nucleotides UF polynucleotides nucleosides BT heterocyclic N polyhydroxy compounds RT nucleic acids nucleotides nucleotides BT heterocyclic N phosphate esters polyhydroxy compounds NT ADP ATP RT nucleic acids nucleosides nuclides USE isotopes nutation [1974] RT esr spectra nylon BT polyamides O^+@ BT positive ions O^$-@ BT radical anions O^2-@ [1974] BT negative ions UF oxide ion O@2^^+@ BT positive ions O@2^^$-@ BT peroxy radicals radical anions RT perhydroxyl radical UF oxygen molecule anion superoxide radical ion O@2^^2-@ BT negative ions O@2^^3-@ [1974] BT negative ions O@3^^+@ [1982] BT positive ions RT ozone O@3^^$-@ BT radical anions RT HO@3^ ozone UF ozonide ion octanes BT alkanes odmr spectra [1974] BT spectra RT MOMR techniques opepr spectra pmdr spectra UF FDMR spectra optically detected magnetic resonance spectra PDMR spectra odmr techniques [1980] BT methods RT admr techniques ODNQR techniques [1978] UF optically detected nuclear quadrupole resonance techniques OH USE hydroxyl radical oils olefins USE alkenes oligomers RT polymers onp spectra [1980] BT spectra UF optical nuclear polarization spectra opepr spectra [1980] BT esr spectra RT odmr spectra UF optical-perturbation electron paramagnetic resonance optical absorption USE absorption optical activity [1985] optical approximation BT calculation methods optical density RT absorption spectra UF absorbance optical isomers BT isomers RT chirality optical rotation racemization resolution UF stereoisomers optical memory [1989] optical nuclear polarization [1979] optical nuclear polarization spectra USE onp spectra optical properties [1987] NT energy gap oscillator strength polarizability refractive index optical pumping [1978] optical rotation RT optical isomers optical spectra USE absorption spectra opto-acoustic spectra [1973] BT spectra opto-acoustic techniques [1974] BT methods RT acoustic techniques heating UF photoacoustic techniques organometallic compounds NT germanes metal carbonyls metallocenes stannanes BT metal compounds RT metal-carbon bonds orientation [1993] orientation factor [1979] ortho-hydrogen [1979] BT hydrogen oscillation frequency USE vibrational frequency oscillations [1980] oscillators [1972] UF chemical waves oscillator strength BT optical properties RT absorption spectra extinction coefficient osmosis [1971] oxadiazoles [1985] BT heterocyclic N heterocyclic O oxalate ion BT carboxylate ions RT oxalates oxalic acid oxalates BT salts, organic NT ferrioxalates RT oxalate ion oxalic acid oxalic acid BT dicarboxylic acids RT oxalate ion oxalates oxazines [1977] NT phenoxazines BT heterocyclic N heterocyclic O oxazoles [1974] BT heterocyclic N heterocyclic O oxciplex [1977] oxetanes [1977] BT four membered rings heterocyclic O oxidation NT autoxidation RT reduction oxide ion USE O^2-@ oxides NT alumina amine oxides carbon dioxide carbon monoxide carbon suboxide epoxides nitrogen oxides silica sulfur oxides superoxides RT peroxides, inorganic oximes BT N compounds, organic oxiranes [1984] NT ethylene oxide BT heterocyclic O three membered rings RT epoxides oxocarbons [1984] oxyanions BT negative ions oxygen RT singlet oxygen oxygen-18, tracer oxygen effects [1980] oxygen formation oxygen molecule anion USE O@2^^$-@ ozone RT O@3^^+@ O@3^^$-@ ozone formation ozonide ion USE O@3^^$-@ ozonides [1982] ozonization [1977] packaging [1974] RT applications paints USE coatings paper RT cellulose paraffins USE alkanes para-hydrogen [1979] BT hydrogen partial molal volume BT thermodynamic properties particle-size effects USE size effects particulate formation USE solid formation partition coefficient [1976] PDMR spectra USE odmr spectra pectins BT polysaccharides penetration penicillins [1978] BT antibiotics heterocyclic N heterocyclic S Penning ionization [1975] BT ionization pentacene [1983] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic pentanes NT neopentane BT alkanes pentanols BT alcohols UF amyl alcohol neopentyl alcohol pentyl alcohol pentenes BT alkenes peptides BT amides RT amino acids proteins UF insulin polypeptides perbromates BT Br compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic perchlorates BT Cl compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic perchloric acid [1971] BT acids, inorganic Cl compounds, inorganic perchlorocarbons USE chlorocarbons perchromates BT chromium compounds salts, inorganic RT chromates percolation model [1977] BT models peresters BT esters peroxides, organic perhydroxyl radical BT peroxy radicals RT O@2^^$-@ UF HO@2^ hydroperoxy radical periodates BT I compounds, inorganic salts, inorganic permanganates BT manganese compounds salts, inorganic permeability BT transport properties permittivity USE dielectric properties peroxide formation peroxides, inorganic NT hydrogen peroxide persulfates RT hydroperoxides oxides peroxides, organic NT dioxetanes dioxiranes peresters RT hydroperoxides peroxy radicals NT H@2^O@2^^+@ O@2^^$-@ perhydroxyl radical SO@5^^$-@ BT radicals, oxygen persulfates BT peroxides, inorganic salts, inorganic S compounds, inorganic RT sulfates perturbation perturbation-iteration method [1971] BT calculation methods perturbed stationary state method BT calculation methods perylene [1975] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic perylenes, substituted [1983] BT aromatics polycyclic pesticides USE insecticides petroleum BT hydrocarbons RT fuels pH NT pH, acidic pH, basic pH, neutral RT pH effects pH, acidic BT pH RT acidity pH, basic BT pH RT basicity pH, neutral BT pH pH effects RT pH pH jump techniques [1979] BT methods pharmaceutical applications USE drugs pharmaceuticals USE drugs phase diagram [1973] phase effects USE state effects phase fluorimetry [1979] BT fluorimetry phase sensitive detection [1974] RT modulation phase-shifts method BT calculation methods phase transitions [1980] NT freezing melting solid phase transitions phenanthrene [1974] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polycyclic phenanthrenes, substituted [1982] BT aromatics polycyclic phenanthrolines [1986] BT heterocyclic N polycyclic phenazines [1976] BT aromatics heterocyclic N polycyclic NT alloxazines phenol BT aromatics hydroxy compounds RT phenols, substituted phenol formation phenols, substituted NT adrenaline DOPA dopamine hydroquinones naphthol tyrosine BT aromatics hydroxy compounds RT phenol phenothiazines [1976] NT methylene blue thionine BT aromatics polycyclic thiazines phenoxazines [1984] BT oxazines phenylalanine [1975] BT amino acids aromatics phenylation [1973] BT arylation phenyl hydrazones USE hydrazones pheophorbides [1986] pheophytins [1975] BT porphyrins RT chlorophyll phonons phosphate esters [1974] NT nucleotides BT phosphorus compounds phosphate ion BT negative ions phosphate radical ion [PO@4^^2-@] [1975] BT radical anions UF PO@4^^2-@ phosphate release [1974] phosphates BT phosphorus compounds salts, inorganic UF metaphosphates phosphazenes [R@2^N-P=NR] [1981] BT phosphorus compounds RT polyphosphazenes phosphenes USE diphosphenes phosphides [1980] BT phosphorus compounds salts, inorganic phosphines BT phosphorus compounds phosphite radical ion [PO@3^^2-@] [1980] BT radical anions phosphites BT phosphorus compounds phospholipids [1979] BT lipids phosphonates [1988] BT phosphorus compounds phosphonic acids [1973] BT phosphorus compounds phosphorescence [1978] BT luminescence phosphorescence lifetime USE lifetime phosphorescence spectra USE emission spectra phosphorescence quantum yields USE luminescence yields phosphoric acid BT acids, inorganic phosphorus compounds phosphorimetry [1979] NT pulsed phosphorimetry BT methods phosphors phosphorus compounds NT diphosphenes heterocyclic P hexamethylphosphoramide phosphate esters phosphates phosphazenes phosphides phosphines phosphites phosphonates phosphonic acids phosphoric acid polyphosphazenes phosphorylation [1979] photoacoustic techniques USE opto-acoustic techniques photobleaching USE bleaching photochemistry NT photoelectrochemistry photolysis photochromism photoconductivity BT conductivity RT electrical conductivity photocurrent [1974] RT electric current UF current photodielectric effect [1983] photoelectrochemistry [1980] BT electrochemistry photochemistry photoelectron emission BT electron emission photoelectrons BT electrons photoelectron spectra BT spectra photogalvanic effects [1976] UF photovoltaic effects photographic applications [1974] BT applications photoinjection [1975] RT current injection photoionization BT ionization UF charge generation photolysis [1978] BT photochemistry NT flash photolysis photomagnetization [1974] BT magnetization photomultipliers [1983] photon echo [1976] photon energy USE energy photons photophysical processes [1978] photopotentials [1975] BT electrical properties RT electron emission photoselection [1987] photosensitization BT sensitization photosynthesis [1974] RT chloroplasts purple membranes reaction centers photothermal techniques [1994] BT methods NT thermal lensing RT heating photovoltaic effects USE photogalvanic effects phthalocyanines [1974] BT cyanines dyes pigments NT naphthalocyanines RT porphyrins physical properties [also see boiling point, dielectric properties, electrical properties, magnetic properties, mechanical properties, melting point, refractive index, thermodynamic properties, etc.] [1975] phytochromes [1976] BT metalloproteins pigments pi bonding pi complex [1988] pi electrons BT electrons pi radicals BT radicals picosecond spectroscopy [1973] BT methods picosecond time range RT time pigments NT bilirubin chlorophyll cytochromes melanins phthalocyanines phytochromes rhodopsin pilot plant [1971] RT plant design pinacols [1971] BT glycols pions USE mesons piperazines [1977] BT heterocyclic N piperidines [1974] BT heterocyclic N pK RT equilibrium constant plane wave method [1974] plant design [1976] RT pilot plant plasma formation [1976] plasmas plasmons [1974] plastic crystals USE crystalline plastics RT elastomers polymers rubber UF resins thermoplastics plasticizers [1974] RT applications pmdr spectra [phosphorescence microwave double resonance] [1974] BT spectra RT odmr spectra pmr spectra USE nmr spectra pOH jump techniques [1986] BT methods polar systems [also see specific terms such as alcohols, amines, aqueous solution, etc.] polariton [1971] RT exciton polarity effects [1973] BT matrix effects solvent effects polarizability BT optical properties polarization NT spin polarization RT CIDEP CIDNP polarized electrons [1976] polarized light [1969] polarography BT analytical methods electrochemistry RT half-wave potentials polaron RT hydrated electrons solvated electrons pollution [1971] NT air pollution water pollution BT environmental applications polyacetals [1971] NT polyoxymethylene BT acetals polymers UF polytetraoxane polytrioxane polyacetylene [1980] BT polyenes polymers polyacrylamide BT amides polymers polyacrylates NT polymethacrylates BT esters polymers RT poly(acrylic acid) poly(acrylic acid) [1971] BT polymers RT polyacrylates polyacrylonitrile BT nitriles polymers polyalkenes [1989] BT hydrocarbons NT polyethylene poly-1-butene polyisobutylene poly-1-pentene polypropylene polyamides NT nylon BT amides polymers polyamines [1975] BT amines polymers polyanions USE polyelectrolytes polyarimid [1986] BT polyimides UF Kevlar polyaryls [1986] NT polyphenyls biaryls BT aromatics hydrocarbons polybutadiene BT polyenes polymers poly-1-butene [1976] BT polyalkenes polycarbonates BT carbonates polymers polycarboxylic acids [1974] BT carboxylic acids RT dicarboxylic acids tricarboxylic acids polycations USE polyelectrolytes polychloroprene [1975] BT Cl compounds, organic polyenes polymers rubber, synthetic polycrotonates [1977] BT polymers polycrystalline USE crystalline polycyclic NT adamantane anthracene anthracenes, substituted azulenes bicyclic cubanes decalin flavones fluorene fluorenes, substituted fluorenone fullerenes helicenes naphthacene naphthalene naphthalenes, substituted oxazines pentacene perylene perylenes, substituted phenanthrene phenanthrenes, substituted phenanthrolines phenazines phenothiazines pyrene pyrenes, substituted quadricyclane quinolines triphenylene xanthenes xanthones RT steroids UF polynuclear polydentate ligands [1977] polydiacetylene [1989] BT polyenes polyynes polyelectrolytes [1975] BT polymers RT ionomers UF polyanions polycations polyene radicals BT radicals polyenes [compounds with more than one double bond; not polyethylene or polypropylene] NT annulenes carotene dienes polyacetylene polybutadiene polychloroprene polydiacetylene polyisoprene polyphenylenes squalene trienes BT unsaturated compounds RT liposomes rhodopsin polyesters BT esters polymers UF mylar polyethers BT ethers polymers UF epoxy resins polyglycols polyoxyalkenes polyethylene BT polyalkenes polyglycols USE polyethers polyhydroxy compounds NT ascorbic acid carbohydrates glycerol glycols nucleosides nucleotides poly(vinyl alcohol) RT alcohols hydroxy compounds lipids polyimides [1977] BT imides polymers NT polyarimid UF Kapton polyisobutylene BT polyalkenes polyisoprene BT hydrocarbons polyenes polymers rubber, synthetic polyketones NT diketones BT ketones polymers polymerization NT copolymerization dimerization emulsion polymerization inclusion polymerization ionic polymerization radical polymerization solid state polymerization suspension polymerization telomerization RT chain reactions crosslinking depolymerization grafting polymerization rate BT rates polymers NT biopolymers cellulose acetate cellulose nitrate chloropolymers copolymers halopolymers ion exchange resins melamine resins polyacetals polyacetylene polyacrylamide polyacrylates poly(acrylic acid) polyacrylonitrile polyalkenes polyamides polyamines polybutadiene polycarbonates polychloroprene polycrotonates polyelectrolytes polyesters polyethers polyimides polyisoprene polyketones polymethacrylates poly(methacrylic acid) polymethylene polyphenylenes polyphosphazenes polypyrroles polysilanes polysilazanes polysilynes polystyrene polysulfides polysulfones polythiophene polyurethanes poly(vinyl acetate) poly(vinyl alcohol) polyvinylcarbazole poly(vinyl chloride) poly(vinyl fluoride) poly(vinylidene chloride) poly(vinylidene fluoride) polyvinylpyrrolidone poly(vinyl stearate) polyvinyltoluene silicones siloxanes terpolymers RT carbon fiber-polymer combinations glass-polymer combinations leather-polymer combinations lignins metal-polymer combinations mineral-polymer combinations plastics polysaccharides oligomers rubber rubber, synthetic wood-polymer combinations UF multimers resins polymethacrylates NT poly(methyl methacrylate) BT polyacrylates poly(methacrylic acid) [1989] BT polymers polymethylene [1974] BT polymers poly(methyl methacrylate) BT polymethacrylates polynuclear aromatics USE polycyclic polynuclear metal compounds [1981] polynuclear metal ions [1980] BT metal ions UF binuclear metal ions mixed valence metal ions polynucleotides USE nucleic acids polyoxyalkenes USE polyethers polyoxymethylene [1971] BT polyacetals RT aldehydes poly-1-pentene [1976] BT polyalkenes polypeptides USE peptides polyphenylenes [1987] BT polyenes polymers polyphenyls [1976] NT tetraphenyls terphenyl BT polyaryls polyphosphazenes [1979] BT N compounds, organic phosphorus compounds polymers RT phosphazenes polypropylene BT polyalkenes polypyrroles [1985] BT polymers RT pyrroles polysaccharides [1977] NT carboxymethylcellulose cellulose dextran heparin pectins starch BT carbohydrates polymers polysilanes [R@2^Si]@n^ [1990] BT polymers silanes polysilazanes [1988] BT polymers silicon compounds polysiloxanes USE siloxanes polysilynes [RSi]@n^ [1990] BT polymers silicon compounds polystyrene BT aromatics hydrocarbons polymers polysulfides [1977] BT polymers sulfides, organic polysulfones [1975] BT polymers S compounds, organic polytetrafluoroethylene BT fluoropolymers UF teflon polytetraoxane USE polyacetals polythiophene [1985] BT polymers RT thiophenes polytrioxane USE polyacetals polyurethanes [1973] BT polymers urethanes poly(vinyl acetate) BT esters polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) BT polyhydroxy compounds polymers polyvinylcarbazole BT carbazoles polymers poly(vinyl chloride) BT Cl compounds, organic polymers poly(vinyl fluoride) BT F compounds, organic polymers poly(vinylidene chloride) [1972] BT Cl compounds, organic polymers poly(vinylidene fluoride) [1973] BT F compounds, organic polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone [1975] BT polymers pyrrolidones poly(vinyl stearate) BT esters polymers polyvinyltoluene [1975] BT aromatics hydrocarbons polymers polyynes [1980] NT diynes polydiacetylene porphycenes [1988] BT pyrroles porphyrins [1971] BT pyrroles NT chlorophyll heme compounds pheophytins RT chlorins phthalocyanines positive charge scavengers BT scavengers positive charge trapping USE hole trapping positive holes USE holes positive ions NT alkenyl ions aminium radicals ammonium ions C^+@ carbocations CH^+@ CH@2^^+@ CO^+@ D@2^^+@ D@3^^+@ H@2^^+@ H@3^^+@ HO^+@ HO@2^^+@ H@2^O^+@ H@2^O@2^^+@ H@3^O^2+@ He^+@ hydrogen ion iminium ions metal ions N^+@ N@2^^+@ NH@3^^+@ NO@2^^+@ O^+@ O@2^^+@ O@3^^+@ radical cations SO@2^^+@ tritons uranyl ions BT ions UF cations charged particles positron affinity [1980] positron annihilation USE positron decay positron decay UF positron annihilation positronium RT exciton positrons NT solvated positrons post-irradiation potential energy BT energy potential energy curves potentiometry [1976] BT analytical methods power saturation [1973] RT esr spectra preassociation [1976] precipitation precursors USE intermediates prediction [1986] RT additive properties predissociation [1972] RT radiationless transition preexponential factor USE frequency factor preionization [1975] preirradiation preservation [1975] RT sterilization pressure NT pressure, high pressure, low RT pressure effects pressure, high BT pressure pressure, low BT pressure pressure effects RT pressure pressure jump techniques [1982] primary processes BT mechanism RT secondary processes probability NT transition probabilities probes [1975] NT luminescent probes process control [1977] product analysis [1974] UF product formation product distribution USE yields, relative product formation USE product analysis proline [1975] BT amino acids pyrrolidines proof of structure USE structure propagation BT chain reactions propagation rate BT rates propane BT alkanes 1-propanol BT alcohols UF n-propyl alcohol 2-propanol BT alcohols UF isopropyl alcohol n-propyl alcohol USE 1-propanol propylene BT alkenes protection RT sensitization proteins NT albumins collagen enzymes gelatin globins glob